CVE-2025-21785

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Fix this by incrementing the index\nfor any populated leaf (instead of any populated level)."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The defect lives in arm64 CPU cacheinfo initialization, reached only through local CPU bring-up (`update_siblings_masks()`) and the CPUHP_AP_BASE_CACHEINFO_ONLINE hotplug callback on the machine itself; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `populate_cache_leaves()`.\nAC:L - On an affected platform the overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 whenever firmware (DT `cache-unified`/single `cache-size`, or ACPI PPTT `split_levels`) under-counts leaves relative to a `CLIDR_EL1` level reporting `CACHE_TYPE_SEPARATE`, the level-vs-leaf counter mismatch fires on every execution of the loop. There is no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition to win.\nPR:L - The vulnerable loop executes with no `capable()` check, no LSM gate, and no authentication anywhere on the path \u2014 it runs as part of normal CPU bring-up on behalf of the system, so no elevated credentials are required for the out-of-bounds write to occur; scoring at low local privilege rather than high since nothing on the path demands real root.\nUI:N - No victim action of any kind is needed \u2014 the out-of-bounds write happens autonomously during secondary-CPU initialization as part of ordinary system startup.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel's own slab allocations on the same host; no VM/hypervisor, IOMMU/DMA, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The heap out-of-bounds write clobbers `type` and `level` fields at fixed strides across up to several hundred bytes of adjacent slab objects allocated during early boot; corrupting neighbouring structures' length, index, or pointer fields is a classic route to kernel memory disclosure, so per memory-corruption guidance this is High.\nI:H - This is a direct out-of-bounds write past a `kcalloc()`'d `struct cacheinfo` array, silently modifying kernel heap memory belonging to unrelated objects \u2014 out-of-bounds writes are scored High for integrity because slab corruption is the standard primitive for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Overwriting adjacent early-boot slab objects can corrupt pointers or allocator metadata, producing an oops, panic, or unbootable system; because it occurs during CPU bring-up on affected platforms, the result is complete loss of availability of the machine."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/arm64/kernel/cacheinfo.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9", "lessThan": 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"unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.13.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.14", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.291"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.235"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.179"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.0", 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"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2"}], "title": "arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:59:30.431Z"}}, {"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-21785", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:42:54.678406Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:51:52.980Z"}}]}}

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There is no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition to win.\nPR:L - The vulnerable loop executes with no `capable()` check, no LSM gate, and no authentication anywhere on the path \u2014 it runs as part of normal CPU bring-up on behalf of the system, so no elevated credentials are required for the out-of-bounds write to occur; scoring at low local privilege rather than high since nothing on the path demands real root.\nUI:N - No victim action of any kind is needed \u2014 the out-of-bounds write happens autonomously during secondary-CPU initialization as part of ordinary system startup.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel's own slab allocations on the same host; no VM/hypervisor, IOMMU/DMA, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The heap out-of-bounds write clobbers `type` and `level` fields at fixed strides across up to several hundred bytes of adjacent slab objects allocated during early boot; corrupting neighbouring structures' length, index, or pointer fields is a classic route to kernel memory disclosure, so per memory-corruption guidance this is High.\nI:H - This is a direct out-of-bounds write past a `kcalloc()`'d `struct cacheinfo` array, silently modifying kernel heap memory belonging to unrelated objects \u2014 out-of-bounds writes are scored High for integrity because slab corruption is the standard primitive for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Overwriting adjacent early-boot slab objects can corrupt pointers or allocator metadata, producing an oops, panic, or unbootable system; 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{"affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3264", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::nfv", "package": "kernel-rt-0:4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3260", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3209", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-193.148.1.el8_2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3207", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-305.152.1.el8_4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3211", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.4::nfv", "package": "kernel-rt-0:4.18.0-305.152.1.rt7.229.el8_4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Telecommunications Update Service", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3207", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.4", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-305.152.1.el8_4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Telecommunications Update Service", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3207", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.4", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-305.152.1.el8_4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3213", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-372.142.1.el8_6", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3213", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-372.142.1.el8_6", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3213", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-372.142.1.el8_6", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3216", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:8.8", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-477.94.1.el8_8", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3208", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "package": "kernel-0:5.14.0-503.34.1.el9_5", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3208", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "package": "kernel-0:5.14.0-503.34.1.el9_5", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3128", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0", "package": "kernel-0:5.14.0-70.126.1.el9_0", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2025-03-25T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3127", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfv", "package": "kernel-rt-0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2025-03-25T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3212", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.2", "package": "kernel-0:5.14.0-284.110.1.el9_2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3214", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.2::nfv", "package": "kernel-rt-0:5.14.0-284.110.1.rt14.395.el9_2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2025:3215", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4", "package": "kernel-0:5.14.0-427.61.1.el9_4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2025-03-26T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array", "id": "2348630", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2348630"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "verified"}, "cwe": "CWE-787", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\narm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array\nThe loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds\ncheck on the array size but does not account for cache levels with\nseparate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index\nfor any populated leaf (instead of any populated level)."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options don't meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability."}, "name": "CVE-2025-21785", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Will not fix", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-02-27T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21785\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21785\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025022608-CVE-2025-21785-184c@gregkh/T"], "statement": "The bug actual only for ARM64 hardware (if ARMv8 or similar ARM CPU being used). There is no known way to trigger the bug, because user cannot control internal values for particular CPUs. As result would not be possible to trigger overflow by user even before this additional check added. For CVSS score the attack complexity is high as result.", "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}