CVE-2025-21676

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One case where I can duplicate this with some\nfrequency is when writing over a smbd share to a SATA HDD attached to an\nimx6q.\n\nSetting /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes to higher values also seems to solve\nthe problem for my test case. But it still seems wrong that the fec driver\nignores the memory allocation error and can crash.\n\nThis commit handles the allocation error by dropping the current packet."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is the FEC Ethernet driver's NAPI receive path, reached solely by frames arriving on the wire, and the maintainer's reproducer is ordinary routed network traffic (SMB writes) to the device. No local access is needed \u2014 a remote attacker's packets both create the memory pressure and drive the RX descriptor refill that dereferences NULL.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the triggering condition by controlling traffic volume: sustained flooding of a memory-constrained embedded target reliably drives page_pool allocation failures, and the fix's author reproduced the crash \"with some frequency\" using nothing but heavy network I/O. No specific memory layout or victim state outside the attacker's influence is required.\nPR:N - There is no authentication, capability check, or credential gate anywhere between frame arrival and fec_enet_update_cbd() \u2014 packet reception happens in softirq before any socket-level authorization. Unauthenticated flood traffic suffices to both induce memory pressure and supply the receive frames.\nUI:N - The RX path runs autonomously in NAPI/softirq context whenever frames arrive; no local user has to open a file, mount anything, or take any action for the dereference to occur.\nS:U - The fault and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own security authority on the affected host; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The faulting access is a read of an unmapped low address (offsetof(struct net_iov, dma_addr) off a NULL netmem), which aborts immediately rather than returning data. No kernel memory contents, pointers, or freed-object data are disclosed to the attacker.\nI:N - There is no out-of-bounds or attacker-controlled write \u2014 the NULL store into rx_skb_info[] is a driver-internal field and execution aborts at the subsequent load before the bogus DMA address can be committed to hardware. No control-flow hijack or data modification primitive results.\nA:H - The NULL pointer dereference occurs in softirq/NAPI context, producing a fatal exception in interrupt context \u2014 a kernel panic (or an immediate panic via the preceding WARN_ON under panic_on_warn), taking down the entire device. It can be re-triggered at will by resuming the traffic load after reboot."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fec_main.c"], "versions": [{"version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "eacdcc14f3c8d4c1447565521e792ddb3a67e08d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "8a0097db0544b658c159ac787319737712063a23", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "1425cb829556398f594658512d49292f988a2ab0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "001ba0902046cb6c352494df610718c0763e77a5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", 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"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is the FEC Ethernet driver's NAPI receive path, reached solely by frames arriving on the wire, and the maintainer's reproducer is ordinary routed network traffic (SMB writes) to the device. No local access is needed \u2014 a remote attacker's packets both create the memory pressure and drive the RX descriptor refill that dereferences NULL.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the triggering condition by controlling traffic volume: sustained flooding of a memory-constrained embedded target reliably drives page_pool allocation failures, and the fix's author reproduced the crash \"with some frequency\" using nothing but heavy network I/O. No specific memory layout or victim state outside the attacker's influence is required.\nPR:N - There is no authentication, capability check, or credential gate anywhere between frame arrival and fec_enet_update_cbd() \u2014 packet reception happens in softirq before any socket-level authorization. Unauthenticated flood traffic suffices to both induce memory pressure and supply the receive frames.\nUI:N - The RX path runs autonomously in NAPI/softirq context whenever frames arrive; no local user has to open a file, mount anything, or take any action for the dereference to occur.\nS:U - The fault and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own security authority on the affected host; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The faulting access is a read of an unmapped low address (offsetof(struct net_iov, dma_addr) off a NULL netmem), which aborts immediately rather than returning data. No kernel memory contents, pointers, or freed-object data are disclosed to the attacker.\nI:N - There is no out-of-bounds or attacker-controlled write \u2014 the NULL store into rx_skb_info[] is a driver-internal field and execution aborts at the subsequent load before the bogus DMA address can be committed to hardware. 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It can be re-triggered at will by resuming the traffic load after reboot."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "eacdcc14f3c8d4c1447565521e792ddb3a67e08d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "8a0097db0544b658c159ac787319737712063a23", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "1425cb829556398f594658512d49292f988a2ab0", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "95698ff6177b5f1f13f251da60e7348413046ae4", "lessThan": "001ba0902046cb6c352494df610718c0763e77a5", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fec_main.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.167", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.74", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.11", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.13", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fec_main.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eacdcc14f3c8d4c1447565521e792ddb3a67e08d"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a0097db0544b658c159ac787319737712063a23"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1425cb829556398f594658512d49292f988a2ab0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/001ba0902046cb6c352494df610718c0763e77a5"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error\n\nThe fec_enet_update_cbd function calls page_pool_dev_alloc_pages but did\nnot handle the case when it returned NULL. There was a WARN_ON(!new_page)\nbut it would still proceed to use the NULL pointer and then crash.\n\nThis case does seem somewhat rare but when the system is under memory\npressure it can happen. One case where I can duplicate this with some\nfrequency is when writing over a smbd share to a SATA HDD attached to an\nimx6q.\n\nSetting /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes to higher values also seems to solve\nthe problem for my test case. But it still seems wrong that the fec driver\nignores the memory allocation error and can crash.\n\nThis commit handles the allocation error by dropping the current packet."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.74", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.11", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.13", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:32.256Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-21676", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:34:34.669Z", "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.737Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-01-31T11:25:38.126Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.7", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": 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"DE491969-75AE-4A6B-9A58-8FC5AF98798F", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "93C0660D-7FB8-4FBA-892A-B064BA71E49E", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "034C36A6-C481-41F3-AE9A-D116E5BE6895", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8AF9DC49-2085-4FFB-A7E3-73DFAFECC7F2", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5DFCDFB8-4FD0-465A-9076-D813D78FE51B", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error\n\nThe fec_enet_update_cbd function calls page_pool_dev_alloc_pages but did\nnot handle the case when it returned NULL. There was a WARN_ON(!new_page)\nbut it would still proceed to use the NULL pointer and then crash.\n\nThis case does seem somewhat rare but when the system is under memory\npressure it can happen. One case where I can duplicate this with some\nfrequency is when writing over a smbd share to a SATA HDD attached to an\nimx6q.\n\nSetting /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes to higher values also seems to solve\nthe problem for my test case. But it still seems wrong that the fec driver\nignores the memory allocation error and can crash.\n\nThis commit handles the allocation error by dropping the current packet."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error La funci\u00f3n fec_enet_update_cbd llama a page_pool_dev_alloc_pages pero no gestion\u00f3 el caso cuando devolvi\u00f3 NULL. Hubo un WARN_ON(!new_page) pero a\u00fan as\u00ed proceder\u00eda a usar el puntero NULL y luego fallar\u00eda. Este caso parece algo raro, pero cuando el sistema est\u00e1 bajo presi\u00f3n de memoria puede suceder. Un caso en el que puedo duplicar esto con cierta frecuencia es cuando escribo sobre un recurso compartido smbd en un HDD SATA conectado a un imx6q. Establecer /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes en valores m\u00e1s altos tambi\u00e9n parece resolver el problema para mi caso de prueba. Pero todav\u00eda parece incorrecto que el controlador fec ignore el error de asignaci\u00f3n de memoria y pueda fallar. Esta confirmaci\u00f3n gestiona el error de asignaci\u00f3n descartando el paquete actual."}], "id": "CVE-2025-21676", "lastModified": "2026-11-10T13:17:32.410", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-21676", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2025-10-01T19:51:57.870830Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-01-31T12:15:28.780", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/001ba0902046cb6c352494df610718c0763e77a5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1425cb829556398f594658512d49292f988a2ab0"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a0097db0544b658c159ac787319737712063a23"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eacdcc14f3c8d4c1447565521e792ddb3a67e08d"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-476"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-476"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error", "id": "2343167", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2343167"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-476", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnet: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error\nThe fec_enet_update_cbd function calls page_pool_dev_alloc_pages but did\nnot handle the case when it returned NULL. There was a WARN_ON(!new_page)\nbut it would still proceed to use the NULL pointer and then crash.\nThis case does seem somewhat rare but when the system is under memory\npressure it can happen. One case where I can duplicate this with some\nfrequency is when writing over a smbd share to a SATA HDD attached to an\nimx6q.\nSetting /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes to higher values also seems to solve\nthe problem for my test case. But it still seems wrong that the fec driver\nignores the memory allocation error and can crash.\nThis commit handles the allocation error by dropping the current packet."], "name": "CVE-2025-21676", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-01-31T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21676\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21676\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025013101-CVE-2025-21676-3d08@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}