CVE-2025-1727
End-of-Train and Head-of-Train Remote Linking Protocol Weak Authentication
Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet
creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a
software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT
device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake
systems.
Affected Products
-
CVE record
-
NVD configurations
No data
-
Red Hat packages
No data
-
OpenCVE enrichment
No data
Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).
| Vendor | Product | Default status | Versions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol | End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol | unaffected |
|
No data.
No data.
No data available yet.
Remediation
Vendor Workaround
The Association of American Railroads (AAR) is pursuing new equipment and protocols which should replace traditional End-of-Train and Head-of-Train devices. The standards committees involved in these updates are aware of the vulnerability and are investigating mitigating solutions. The AAR Railroad Electronics Standards Committee (RESC) maintains this protocol which is used by multiple manufacturers across the industry, including Hitachi Rail STS USA, Wabtec, Siemens, and others. Users of EoT/HoT devices are recommended to contact their own device manufacturers with questions.
Tracking
Advisories
| Source | ID | Title |
|---|---|---|
 EUVD |
EUVD-2025-21087 | The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems. |
Metrics
Attack Vector Adjacent Network
Attack Complexity Low
Privileges Required None
Attack Requirements None
User Interaction None
Vulnerable System Confidentiality Impact None
Vulnerable System Integrity Impact High
Vulnerable System Availability Impact High
Subsequent System Confidentiality Impact None
Subsequent System Integrity Impact None
Subsequent System Availability Impact None
Attack Vector Adjacent Network
Attack Complexity Low
Privileges Required None
Scope Unchanged
Confidentiality Impact None
Integrity Impact High
Availability Impact High
User Interaction None
No CVSS v3.0
No CVSS v2
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
Exploit prediction score: < 1% (0.632% probability within 30 days)
Exploitation none
Automatable no
Technical Impact total
| Type | Values Removed | Values Added |
|---|---|---|
| Metrics |
epss
|
epss
|
| Type | Values Removed | Values Added |
|---|---|---|
| Metrics |
ssvc
|
| Type | Values Removed | Values Added |
|---|---|---|
| Metrics |
epss
|
| Type | Values Removed | Values Added |
|---|---|---|
| Description | The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems. | |
| Title | End-of-Train and Head-of-Train Remote Linking Protocol Weak Authentication | |
| Weaknesses | CWE-1390 | |
| References |
| |
| Metrics |
cvssV3_1
|
Subscriptions
No data.
