CVE-2024-56655

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2024-56655", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T15:00:39.841Z", "datePublished": "2024-12-27T15:06:19.033Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:53.066Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:53.066Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu\n\nnf_tables_chain_destroy can sleep, it can't be used from call_rcu\ncallbacks.\n\nMoreover, nf_tables_rule_release() is only safe for error unwinding,\nwhile transaction mutex is held and the to-be-desroyed rule was not\nexposed to either dataplane or dumps, as it deactives+frees without\nthe required synchronize_rcu() in-between.\n\nnft_rule_expr_deactivate() callbacks will change ->use counters\nof other chains/sets, see e.g. nft_lookup .deactivate callback, these\nmust be serialized via transaction mutex.\n\nAlso add a few lockdep asserts to make this more explicit.\n\nCalling synchronize_rcu() isn't ideal, but fixing this without is hard\nand way more intrusive. As-is, we can get:\n\nWARNING: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x..\nWorkqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work\nRIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0\n process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0\n worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0\n\nIn case the synchronize_rcu becomes an issue, we can explore alternatives.\n\nOne way would be to allocate nft_trans_rule objects + one nft_trans_chain\nobject, deactivate the rules + the chain and then defer the freeing to the\nnft destroy workqueue. We'd still need to keep the synchronize_rcu path as\na fallback to handle -ENOMEM corner cases though."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is driven entirely from local interfaces \u2014 nfnetlink/NETLINK_NETFILTER to build a netdev-family basechain with rules, and RTNETLINK to unregister the device that fires the NETDEV_UNREGISTER notifier. No remote peer can drive basechain release.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both sides: it creates the netns, the device, and the ruleset, chooses when to delete the device, and issues concurrent nftables transactions that race the unserialized softirq callback, repeating indefinitely; the sleeping-in-atomic path (`cancel_delayed_work_sync`/`mutex_lock` from an RCU softirq callback) is deterministic and needs no race at all.\nPR:L - nfnetlink only requires `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, evaluated against the network namespace's user_ns, so an unprivileged local user obtains everything needed via `unshare -Urn` \u2014 including creating and deleting the dummy/veth device that triggers the notifier.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step itself \u2014 ruleset setup, device removal, and the concurrent transactions; no victim action or pre-existing administrator configuration is needed.\nS:U - Corruption is confined to nf_tables kernel objects within the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - Unserialized `nft_use_dec()` on `set->use`/`chain->use`/`obj->use` races the commit-mutex-protected control plane, so counters underflow and still-referenced sets/chains are freed, yielding a use-after-free whose reclaimed contents the attacker can shape and read back via ruleset dumps.\nI:H - The softirq callback performs `list_del_rcu()` on `table->sets`/`table->chains` and `rhltable_remove()` on `chains_ht` concurrently with control-plane insertions/removals, giving list and rhashtable corruption on top of the UAF \u2014 both standard springboards to controlled kernel writes and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Sleeping functions (`cancel_delayed_work_sync`, `mutex_lock` via `nf_ct_netns_put`, `nf_tables_chain_destroy`) invoked from an RCU softirq callback produce \"sleeping function called from invalid context\" BUGs and scheduler corruption, and the refcount/list corruption reliably ends in WARNs, oopses, and panics."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h", "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"], "versions": [{"version": "9eee6097ffb26cdd2adb988c0d378fa0d650c737", "lessThan": "5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "558f503f707f481bbf40efa74a938b8021df841d", "lessThan": "2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a394c160d57f4b083bd904a22802f6fb7f5b3cea", "lessThan": "b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e6c32a64d61184c2bdf89442b3d31ef530afba34", "lessThan": "b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "bfd05c68e4c6320304e9f371ffa356b6e4b9cc53", "lessThan": "27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c03d278fdf35e73dd0ec543b9b556876b9d9a8dc", "lessThan": "7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c03d278fdf35e73dd0ec543b9b556876b9d9a8dc", "lessThan": "b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "cb401e5799e0acacb405f2128097e9c4ccf82f8a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.6.61", "lessThan": "6.6.67", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.11.8", "lessThan": "6.12", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h", "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.12", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.12", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.67", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.6", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.13", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.61", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.67"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.6"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.13"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11.8"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043"}], "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h", "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862", "status": "affected", "version": "9eee6097ffb26cdd2adb988c0d378fa0d650c737", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb", "status": "affected", "version": "558f503f707f481bbf40efa74a938b8021df841d", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76", "status": "affected", "version": "a394c160d57f4b083bd904a22802f6fb7f5b3cea", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3", "status": "affected", "version": "e6c32a64d61184c2bdf89442b3d31ef530afba34", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed", "status": "affected", "version": "bfd05c68e4c6320304e9f371ffa356b6e4b9cc53", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048", "status": "affected", "version": "c03d278fdf35e73dd0ec543b9b556876b9d9a8dc", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043", "status": "affected", "version": "c03d278fdf35e73dd0ec543b9b556876b9d9a8dc", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "cb401e5799e0acacb405f2128097e9c4ccf82f8a", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6.6.67", "status": "affected", "version": "6.6.61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.12", "status": "affected", "version": "6.11.8", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h", "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.12"}, {"lessThan": "6.12", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.67", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.13", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "C62FB1DE-4AB5-4D7C-98C4-53F3C7625780", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.67", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.61", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "08380928-8FCA-4224-BB24-9918A2D1E85E", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.6", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11.8", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "62567B3C-6CEE-46D0-BC2E-B3717FBF7D13", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5A073481-106D-4B15-B4C7-FB0213B8E1D4", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu\n\nnf_tables_chain_destroy can sleep, it can't be used from call_rcu\ncallbacks.\n\nMoreover, nf_tables_rule_release() is only safe for error unwinding,\nwhile transaction mutex is held and the to-be-desroyed rule was not\nexposed to either dataplane or dumps, as it deactives+frees without\nthe required synchronize_rcu() in-between.\n\nnft_rule_expr_deactivate() callbacks will change ->use counters\nof other chains/sets, see e.g. nft_lookup .deactivate callback, these\nmust be serialized via transaction mutex.\n\nAlso add a few lockdep asserts to make this more explicit.\n\nCalling synchronize_rcu() isn't ideal, but fixing this without is hard\nand way more intrusive. As-is, we can get:\n\nWARNING: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x..\nWorkqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work\nRIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0\n process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0\n worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0\n\nIn case the synchronize_rcu becomes an issue, we can explore alternatives.\n\nOne way would be to allocate nft_trans_rule objects + one nft_trans_chain\nobject, deactivate the rules + the chain and then defer the freeing to the\nnft destroy workqueue. We'd still need to keep the synchronize_rcu path as\na fallback to handle -ENOMEM corner cases though."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: netfilter: nf_tables: no aplazar la destrucci\u00f3n de la regla mediante call_rcu nf_tables_chain_destroy puede dormir, no se puede utilizar desde las devoluciones de llamadas call_rcu. Adem\u00e1s, nf_tables_rule_release() solo es seguro para desenrollar errores, mientras se mantiene el mutex de transacci\u00f3n y la regla a destruir no se expuso ni al plano de datos ni a los volcados, ya que desactiva + libera sin elsynchronous_rcu() requerido en el medio. Las devoluciones de llamadas nft_rule_expr_deactivate() cambiar\u00e1n -&gt;use contadores de otras cadenas/conjuntos, consulte, por ejemplo, la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada nft_lookup .deactivate, que se deben serializar mediante el mutex de transacci\u00f3n. Agregue tambi\u00e9n algunas afirmaciones lockdep para que esto sea m\u00e1s expl\u00edcito. Llamar asynchronous_rcu() no es ideal, pero solucionar esto sin \u00e9l es dif\u00edcil y mucho m\u00e1s intrusivo. Tal como est\u00e1, podemos obtener: ADVERTENCIA: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x.. Cola de trabajo: eventos nf_tables_trans_destroy_work RIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0 Rastreo de llamadas: nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0 process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0 worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0 En caso de que elsynchronous_rcu se convierta en un problema, podemos explorar alternativas. Una forma ser\u00eda asignar objetos nft_trans_rule + un objeto nft_trans_chain, desactivar las reglas + la cadena y luego diferir la liberaci\u00f3n a la cola de trabajo de destrucci\u00f3n de nft. A\u00fan as\u00ed, necesitar\u00edamos mantener la ruta synchronization_rcu como respaldo para gestionar casos especiales de -ENOMEM."}], "id": "CVE-2024-56655", "lastModified": "2026-08-04T11:22:18.720", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2024-12-27T15:15:25.343", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: netfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu", "id": "2334559", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2334559"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-667", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnetfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu\nnf_tables_chain_destroy can sleep, it can't be used from call_rcu\ncallbacks.\nMoreover, nf_tables_rule_release() is only safe for error unwinding,\nwhile transaction mutex is held and the to-be-desroyed rule was not\nexposed to either dataplane or dumps, as it deactives+frees without\nthe required synchronize_rcu() in-between.\nnft_rule_expr_deactivate() callbacks will change ->use counters\nof other chains/sets, see e.g. nft_lookup .deactivate callback, these\nmust be serialized via transaction mutex.\nAlso add a few lockdep asserts to make this more explicit.\nCalling synchronize_rcu() isn't ideal, but fixing this without is hard\nand way more intrusive. As-is, we can get:\nWARNING: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x..\nWorkqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work\nRIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0\nCall Trace:\n<TASK>\nnf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0\nprocess_one_work+0x64a/0xce0\nworker_thread+0x613/0x10d0\nIn case the synchronize_rcu becomes an issue, we can explore alternatives.\nOne way would be to allocate nft_trans_rule objects + one nft_trans_chain\nobject, deactivate the rules + the chain and then defer the freeing to the\nnft destroy workqueue. We'd still need to keep the synchronize_rcu path as\na fallback to handle -ENOMEM corner cases though."], "name": "CVE-2024-56655", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2024-12-27T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56655\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56655\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2024122749-CVE-2024-56655-e94f@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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