CVE-2023-53606

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For the async one, the cleanup is a bit\nmore involved, and we need to dequeue it from lists, unhash it, etc.\n\nThere is at least one potential refcount leak in this code now. If the\nkthread_create call fails, then both the src and dst nfsd_files in the\noriginal nfsd4_copy object are leaked.\n\nThe cleanup in this codepath is also sort of weird. In the async copy\ncase, we'll have up to four nfsd_file references (src and dst for both\nflavors of copy structure). They are both put at the end of\nnfsd4_do_async_copy, even though the ones held on behalf of the embedded\none outlive that structure.\n\nChange it so that we always clean up the nfsd_file refs held by the\nembedded copy structure before nfsd4_copy returns. Rework\ncleanup_async_copy to handle both inter and intra copies. 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No local access to the server is needed.\nAC:L - The attacker manufactures the trigger: affected kernels place no cap on concurrent async COPYs, so flooding the server with async COPY requests (each spawning a kthread) drives `kthread_create()` into failure and leaks refs, and with inter-server copy enabled a bogus source filehandle makes `nfs42_ssc_open()` fail on every single request for a fully deterministic per-request leak.\nPR:N - With AUTH_SYS \u2014 the default for essentially all NFS deployments \u2014 the server performs no credential verification; EXCHANGE_ID, CREATE_SESSION and OPEN succeed for any host permitted by the export list with no secret of any kind, so the attacker holds no server-verified privileges prior to the attack.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the COPY compounds directly from its own NFS client; no action by any administrator or other user on the server is required.\nS:U - The leaked `nfsd_file`/`struct file`/inode references are kernel objects consumed within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - A reference-count leak neither reads out-of-bounds memory nor exposes kernel data to the client; the COPY reply is unchanged and no uninitialized or freed memory is disclosed.\nI:N - Nothing is written out of bounds and no kernel object is corrupted \u2014 the refcount merely stays too high, so no file data, metadata, or kernel state is modified beyond the accounting itself.\nA:H - Every leaked reference permanently pins an `nfsd_file`, `struct file`, inode, dentry and page cache that the filecache GC/LRU can never reclaim, and the leak is repeatable without bound by a remote client, so kernel memory is exhausted into OOM and the export becomes permanently unmountable; the leak also accelerates under the very memory pressure it causes, making it unrecoverable without reboot."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/nfsd/nfs4proc.c"], "versions": [{"version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "fd63299db8090307eae66f2aef17c8f00aafa0a9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "b3169b6ffe036b549c296a9e71591d29a1fb3209", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "75b8c681c563ef7e85da6862354efc18d2a08b1b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "8f565846fbe8182961498d4cbe618b15076a683b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "6ba434cb1a8d403ea9aad1b667c3ea3ad8b3191f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/nfsd/nfs4proc.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.20", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.20", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.220", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.154", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.2.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.20", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.220"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.20", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.154"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.20", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.16"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.20", "versionEndExcluding": "6.2.3"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.20", "versionEndExcluding": "6.3"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd63299db8090307eae66f2aef17c8f00aafa0a9"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3169b6ffe036b549c296a9e71591d29a1fb3209"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75b8c681c563ef7e85da6862354efc18d2a08b1b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f565846fbe8182961498d4cbe618b15076a683b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ba434cb1a8d403ea9aad1b667c3ea3ad8b3191f"}], "title": "nfsd: clean up potential nfsd_file refcount leaks in COPY codepath", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2023-53606", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:35:51.806185Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:31.680Z"}}]}}

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No local access to the server is needed.\nAC:L - The attacker manufactures the trigger: affected kernels place no cap on concurrent async COPYs, so flooding the server with async COPY requests (each spawning a kthread) drives `kthread_create()` into failure and leaks refs, and with inter-server copy enabled a bogus source filehandle makes `nfs42_ssc_open()` fail on every single request for a fully deterministic per-request leak.\nPR:N - With AUTH_SYS \u2014 the default for essentially all NFS deployments \u2014 the server performs no credential verification; EXCHANGE_ID, CREATE_SESSION and OPEN succeed for any host permitted by the export list with no secret of any kind, so the attacker holds no server-verified privileges prior to the attack.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the COPY compounds directly from its own NFS client; no action by any administrator or other user on the server is required.\nS:U - The leaked `nfsd_file`/`struct file`/inode references are kernel objects consumed within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - A reference-count leak neither reads out-of-bounds memory nor exposes kernel data to the client; the COPY reply is unchanged and no uninitialized or freed memory is disclosed.\nI:N - Nothing is written out of bounds and no kernel object is corrupted \u2014 the refcount merely stays too high, so no file data, metadata, or kernel state is modified beyond the accounting itself.\nA:H - Every leaked reference permanently pins an `nfsd_file`, `struct file`, inode, dentry and page cache that the filecache GC/LRU can never reclaim, and the leak is repeatable without bound by a remote client, so kernel memory is exhausted into OOM and the export becomes permanently unmountable; the leak also accelerates under the very memory pressure it causes, making it unrecoverable without reboot."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "fd63299db8090307eae66f2aef17c8f00aafa0a9", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "b3169b6ffe036b549c296a9e71591d29a1fb3209", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "75b8c681c563ef7e85da6862354efc18d2a08b1b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "8f565846fbe8182961498d4cbe618b15076a683b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "e0639dc5805a9d4faaa2c07ad98fa853b9529dd3", "lessThan": "6ba434cb1a8d403ea9aad1b667c3ea3ad8b3191f", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["fs/nfsd/nfs4proc.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.20"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.20", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.220", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.154", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.16", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.2.3", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.3", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["fs/nfsd/nfs4proc.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd63299db8090307eae66f2aef17c8f00aafa0a9"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3169b6ffe036b549c296a9e71591d29a1fb3209"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75b8c681c563ef7e85da6862354efc18d2a08b1b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f565846fbe8182961498d4cbe618b15076a683b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ba434cb1a8d403ea9aad1b667c3ea3ad8b3191f"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfsd: clean up potential nfsd_file refcount leaks in COPY codepath\n\nThere are two different flavors of the nfsd4_copy struct. 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Rework\ncleanup_async_copy to handle both inter and intra copies. 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Rework\ncleanup_async_copy to handle both inter and intra copies. Eliminate\nnfsd4_cleanup_intra_ssc since it now becomes a no-op."}], "id": "CVE-2023-53606", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:17:44.067", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2023-53606", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:35:51.806185Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-10-04T16:15:57.297", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ba434cb1a8d403ea9aad1b667c3ea3ad8b3191f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75b8c681c563ef7e85da6862354efc18d2a08b1b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f565846fbe8182961498d4cbe618b15076a683b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3169b6ffe036b549c296a9e71591d29a1fb3209"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd63299db8090307eae66f2aef17c8f00aafa0a9"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: nfsd: clean up potential nfsd_file refcount leaks in COPY codepath", "id": "2401548", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2401548"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnfsd: clean up potential nfsd_file refcount leaks in COPY codepath\nThere are two different flavors of the nfsd4_copy struct. One is\nembedded in the compound and is used directly in synchronous copies. The\nother is dynamically allocated, refcounted and tracked in the client\nstruture. For the embedded one, the cleanup just involves releasing any\nnfsd_files held on its behalf. For the async one, the cleanup is a bit\nmore involved, and we need to dequeue it from lists, unhash it, etc.\nThere is at least one potential refcount leak in this code now. If the\nkthread_create call fails, then both the src and dst nfsd_files in the\noriginal nfsd4_copy object are leaked.\nThe cleanup in this codepath is also sort of weird. In the async copy\ncase, we'll have up to four nfsd_file references (src and dst for both\nflavors of copy structure). They are both put at the end of\nnfsd4_do_async_copy, even though the ones held on behalf of the embedded\none outlive that structure.\nChange it so that we always clean up the nfsd_file refs held by the\nembedded copy structure before nfsd4_copy returns. Rework\ncleanup_async_copy to handle both inter and intra copies. Eliminate\nnfsd4_cleanup_intra_ssc since it now becomes a no-op."], "name": "CVE-2023-53606", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhivos:1", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat In-Vehicle Operating System 1"}], "public_date": "2025-10-04T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53606\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53606\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025100432-CVE-2023-53606-8c1a@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{"created": "2025-10-06T14:40:24.116806+00:00", "updated": "2025-10-06T14:40:24.116860+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}