CVE-2023-2828

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The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\n\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1."}], "impacts": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can cause the amount of memory used by a `named` resolver to go well beyond the configured `max-cache-size` limit. The effectiveness of the attack depends on a number of factors (e.g. query load, query patterns), but since the default value of the `max-cache-size` statement is `90%`, in the worst case the attacker can exhaust all available memory on the host running `named`, leading to a denial-of-service condition."}]}], "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "value": "No workarounds known."}], "exploits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "We are not aware of any active exploits."}], "solutions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND 9: 9.16.42, 9.18.16, 9.19.14, 9.16.42-S1, or 9.18.16-S1."}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention."}], "references": [{"url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828", "name": "CVE-2023-2828", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"]}, {"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6"}, {"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/"}, {"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439"}, {"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/"}, {"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/"}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html"}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}}, "adp": [{"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T06:33:05.796Z"}, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828", "name": "CVE-2023-2828", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_transferred"]}, {"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}]}, {"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2024-12-06T18:36:28.183787Z", "id": "CVE-2023-2828", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2024-12-06T18:36:35.647Z"}}]}}

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When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\n\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1."}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22", "shortName": "isc", "dateUpdated": "2023-06-21T16:26:07.096Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-2828", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2024-12-06T18:36:35.647Z", "dateReserved": "2023-05-22T07:57:41.362Z", "assignerOrgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22", "datePublished": "2023-06-21T16:26:07.096Z", "assignerShortName": "isc"}, "dataVersion": "5.1"}

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"AND"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\n\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Cada instancia 'named' configurada para funcionar como un resolvedor recursivo mantiene una base de datos de cach\u00e9 que contiene las respuestas a las consultas que ha enviado recientemente a servidores autoritativos. El l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o para esa base de datos de cach\u00e9 se puede configurar usando la instrucci\u00f3n 'max-cache-size' en el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n; por defecto es el 90% de la cantidad total de memoria disponible en el host. Cuando el tama\u00f1o de la cach\u00e9 alcanza 7/8 del l\u00edmite configurado, un algoritmo de limpieza de cach\u00e9 comienza a eliminar RRsets caducados y/o menos recientemente utilizados de la cach\u00e9, para mantener el uso de memoria por debajo del l\u00edmite configurado.\n\nSe ha descubierto que la efectividad del algoritmo de limpieza de cach\u00e9 utilizado en 'named' puede verse gravemente disminuida al consultar el resolvedor para RRsets espec\u00edficos en un cierto orden, permitiendo efectivamente que el l\u00edmite configurado de 'max-cache-size' sea excedido significativamente.\nEste problema afecta a las versiones de BIND 9 9.11.0 a 9.16.41, 9.18.0 a 9.18.15, 9.19.0 a 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 a 9.16.41-S1, y 9.18.11-S1 a 9.18.15-S1."}], "id": "CVE-2023-2828", "lastModified": "2026-10-24T19:10:00.127", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "security-officer@isc.org", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2023-2828", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2024-12-06T18:36:28.183787Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2023-06-21T17:15:47.703", "references": [{"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Patch", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Patch", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-officer@isc.org", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-770"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"acknowledgement": "Upstream acknowledges Anat Bremler-Barr (Tel-Aviv University), Shoham Danino (Reichman University), Yehuda Afek (Tel-Aviv University), and Yuval Shavitt (Tel-Aviv University) as the original reporters.", "affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4152", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "package": "bind-32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7", "release_date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4100", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "bind9.16-32:9.16.23-0.14.el8_8.1", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4102", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "bind-32:9.11.36-8.el8_8.1", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4102", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "bind-32:9.11.36-8.el8_8.1", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4154", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.1", "package": "bind-32:9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4153", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2", "package": "bind-32:9.11.13-6.el8_2.5", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support", "release_date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4153", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.2", "package": "bind-32:9.11.13-6.el8_2.5", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Telecommunications Update Service", "release_date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4153", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.2", "package": "bind-32:9.11.13-6.el8_2.5", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4332", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4", "package": "bind-32:9.11.26-4.el8_4.2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support", "release_date": "2023-07-31T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4332", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.4", "package": "bind-32:9.11.26-4.el8_4.2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Telecommunications Update Service", "release_date": "2023-07-31T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4332", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.4", "package": "bind-32:9.11.26-4.el8_4.2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "release_date": "2023-07-31T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4037", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:8.6", "package": "bind9.16-32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2023-07-12T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4101", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:8.6", "package": "bind-32:9.11.36-3.el8_6.4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4099", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "package": "bind-32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9", "release_date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2023:4005", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.0", "package": "bind-32:9.16.23-1.el9_0.2", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Extended Update Support", "release_date": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "bind: named's configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded", "id": "2216227", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2216227"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "verified"}, "details": ["Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1.", "A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to exceed significantly."], "name": "CVE-2023-2828", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "dhcp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2023-06-21T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2828\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2828\nhttps://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{}