CVE-2021-31440

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An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of eBPF programs. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied eBPF programs prior to executing them. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-13661."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Esta vulnerabilidad permite a atacantes locales escalar los privilegios en las instalaciones afectadas de Linux Kernel versi\u00f3n 5.11.15. Un atacante primero debe obtener la capacidad de ejecutar c\u00f3digo poco privilegiado en el sistema de destino para explotar esta vulnerabilidad. El fallo espec\u00edfico se presenta dentro del manejo de los programas eBPF. El problema es debido a una falta de validaci\u00f3n apropiada de los programas eBPF suministrados por el usuario antes de ejecutarlos. Un atacante puede explotar esta vulnerabilidad para escalar privilegios y ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario en el contexto del kernel. Fue ZDI-CAN-13661"}], "id": "CVE-2021-31440", "lastModified": "2026-06-17T03:51:46.930", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV2": [{"acInsufInfo": false, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "cvssData": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 6.9, "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.4, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary", "userInteractionRequired": false}], "cvssMetricV30": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "impactScore": 6.0, "source": "zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com", "type": "Secondary"}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.0, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2021-05-21T15:15:07.750", "references": [{"source": "zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com", "tags": ["Patch", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=10bf4e83167cc68595b85fd73bb91e8f2c086e36"}, {"source": "zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210706-0003/"}, {"source": "zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry"], "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-503/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=10bf4e83167cc68595b85fd73bb91e8f2c086e36"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210706-0003/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory", "VDB Entry"], "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-503/"}], "sourceIdentifier": "zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-682"}], "source": "zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"acknowledgement": "Red Hat would like to thank Manfred Paul (RedRocket CTF team) for reporting this issue.", "affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2021:4140", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::nfv", "package": "kernel-rt-0:4.18.0-348.rt7.130.el8", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2021-11-09T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2021:4356", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "kernel-0:4.18.0-348.el8", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2021-11-09T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: local escalation of privileges in handling of eBPF programs", "id": "1964028", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1964028"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "verified"}, "cwe": "CWE-682", "details": ["This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Linux Kernel 5.11.15. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of eBPF programs. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied eBPF programs prior to executing them. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-13661.", "An out-of-bounds access flaw was found in the Linux kernel\u2019s implementation of the eBPF code verifier, where an incorrect register bounds calculation while checking unsigned 32-bit instructions in an eBPF program occurs.. By default accessing the eBPF verifier is only accessible to privileged users with CAP_SYS_ADMIN. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied eBPF programs prior to executing them. A local user could use this flaw to crash the system or possibly escalate their privileges on the system."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "The default Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel prevents unprivileged users from being able to use eBPF by the kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled sysctl. This would require a privileged user with CAP_SYS_ADMIN or root to be able to abuse this flaw reducing its attack space.\nFor the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 the eBPF for unprivileged users is always disabled.\nFor the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 to confirm the current state, inspect the sysctl with the command:\n# cat /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled\nThe setting of 1 would mean that unprivileged users can not use eBPF, mitigating the flaw.\nA kernel update will be required to mitigate the flaw for the root or users with CAP_SYS_ADMIN capabilities."}, "name": "CVE-2021-31440", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-alt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2021-05-21T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-31440\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31440\nhttps://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=10bf4e83167cc68595b85fd73bb91e8f2c086e36\nhttps://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/5/26/cve-2021-31440-an-incorrect-bounds-calculation-in-the-linux-kernel-ebpf-verifier"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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