CVE-2021-25219

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1", "cveMetadata": {"state": "PUBLISHED", "cveId": "CVE-2021-25219", "assignerOrgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22", "assignerShortName": "isc", "datePublished": "2021-10-27T21:10:10.088Z", "dateUpdated": "2024-09-16T17:33:38.865Z", "dateReserved": "2021-01-15T00:00:00.000Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"title": "Lame cache can be abused to severely degrade resolver performance", "datePublic": "2021-10-27T00:00:00.000Z", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22", "shortName": "isc", "dateUpdated": "2022-10-31T00:00:00.000Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In BIND 9.3.0 -> 9.11.35, 9.12.0 -> 9.16.21, and versions 9.9.3-S1 -> 9.11.35-S1 and 9.16.8-S1 -> 9.16.21-S1 of BIND Supported Preview Edition, as well as release versions 9.17.0 -> 9.17.18 of the BIND 9.17 development branch, exploitation of broken authoritative servers using a flaw in response processing can cause degradation in BIND resolver performance. The way the lame cache is currently designed makes it possible for its internal data structures to grow almost infinitely, which may cause significant delays in client query processing."}], "affected": [{"vendor": "ISC", "product": "BIND9", "versions": [{"version": "Open Source Branches 9.3 through 9.11 9.3.0 through versions before 9.11.36", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "Open Source Branches 9.12 through 9.16 9.12.0 through versions before 9.16.22", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "Supported Preview Branches 9.9-S through 9.11-S 9.9.3-S1 through versions before 9.11.36-S1", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "Supported Preview Branch 9.16-S 9.16.8-S1 through versions before 9.16.22-S1", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "Development Branch 9.17 9.17.0 through versions before 9.17.19", "status": "affected"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://kb.isc.org/v1/docs/cve-2021-25219"}, {"name": "DSA-4994", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4994"}, {"name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20211102 [SECURITY] [DLA 2807-1] bind9 security update", "tags": ["mailing-list"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/11/msg00001.html"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2021-58e7b873b7", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YTKC4E3HUOLYN5IA4EBL4VAQSWG2ZVTX/"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2021-39b33260b8", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YGV7SA27CTYLGFJSPUM3V36ZWK7WWDI4/"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2021-eb8dab50ba", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EF4NAVRV4H3W4GA3LGGZYUKD3HSJBAVW/"}, {"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"}, {"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"}, {"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211118-0002/"}, {"name": "GLSA-202210-25", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-25"}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "ISC would like to thank Kishore Kumar Kothapalli of Infoblox for bringing this vulnerability to our attention."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.3, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"type": "text", "lang": "en", "description": "Authoritative-only BIND 9 servers are NOT vulnerable to this flaw. The purpose of a resolver's lame cache is to ensure that if an authoritative server responds to a resolver's query in a specific broken way, subsequent client queries for the same <QNAME, QTYPE> tuple do not trigger further queries to the same server for a configurable amount of time. The lame cache is enabled by setting the \"lame-ttl\" option in named.conf to a value greater than 0. That option is set to \"lame-ttl 600;\" in the default configuration, which means the lame cache is enabled by default. A successful attack exploiting this flaw causes a named resolver to spend most of its CPU time on managing and checking the lame cache. This results in client queries being responded to with large delays, and increased likelihood of DNS timeouts on client hosts. Affects BIND 9.3.0 -> 9.11.35, 9.12.0 -> 9.16.21, and versions 9.9.3-S1 -> 9.11.35-S1 and 9.16.8-S1 -> 9.16.21-S1 of BIND Supported Preview Edition, as well as release versions 9.17.0 -> 9.17.18 of the BIND 9.17 development branch."}]}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Setting \"lame-ttl 0;\" disables the lame cache and prevents the performance issue. Our research and testing indicate that in the current Internet there is almost no downside to disabling the lame cache."}], "exploits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "We are not aware of any active exploits."}], "solutions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND: BIND 9.11.36, BIND 9.16.22, BIND 9.17.19, or for BIND Supported Preview Edition (a special feature preview branch of BIND provided to eligible ISC support customers): BIND 9.11.36-S1, BIND 9.16.22-S1."}]}, "adp": [{"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T19:56:11.060Z"}, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://kb.isc.org/v1/docs/cve-2021-25219", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"name": "DSA-4994", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4994"}, {"name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20211102 [SECURITY] [DLA 2807-1] bind9 security update", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/11/msg00001.html"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2021-58e7b873b7", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YTKC4E3HUOLYN5IA4EBL4VAQSWG2ZVTX/"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2021-39b33260b8", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YGV7SA27CTYLGFJSPUM3V36ZWK7WWDI4/"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2021-eb8dab50ba", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EF4NAVRV4H3W4GA3LGGZYUKD3HSJBAVW/"}, {"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211118-0002/", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"name": "GLSA-202210-25", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-25"}]}]}}

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The way the lame cache is currently designed makes it possible for its internal data structures to grow almost infinitely, which may cause significant delays in client query processing."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En BIND versiones 9.3.0 posteriores a 9.11.35, versiones 9.12.0 posteriores a 9.16.21, y en versiones 9.9.3-S1 posteriores a 9.11.35-S1 y versiones 9.16.8-S1 posteriores a 9.16.21-S1 de BIND Supported Preview Edition, as\u00ed como en las versiones 9.17.0 -&gt; 9.17.18 de la rama de desarrollo de BIND 9.17, una explotaci\u00f3n de servidores autoritativos rotos usando un fallo en el procesamiento de respuestas puede causar una degradaci\u00f3n en el rendimiento del resolver BIND. La forma en que est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ada actualmente la cach\u00e9 de lame hace posible que sus estructuras de datos internas crezcan casi infinitamente, lo que puede causar retrasos significativos en el procesamiento de las consultas de los clientes"}], "id": "CVE-2021-25219", "lastModified": "2026-06-17T03:41:40.020", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV2": [{"acInsufInfo": false, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "cvssData": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 5.0, "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P", "version": "2.0"}, "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary", "userInteractionRequired": false}], "cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.3, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 1.4, "source": "security-officer@isc.org", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.3, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 1.4, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2021-10-27T21:15:07.613", "references": [{"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Patch", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://kb.isc.org/v1/docs/cve-2021-25219"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/11/msg00001.html"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EF4NAVRV4H3W4GA3LGGZYUKD3HSJBAVW/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YGV7SA27CTYLGFJSPUM3V36ZWK7WWDI4/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YTKC4E3HUOLYN5IA4EBL4VAQSWG2ZVTX/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-25"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211118-0002/"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4994"}, {"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://kb.isc.org/v1/docs/cve-2021-25219"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/11/msg00001.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EF4NAVRV4H3W4GA3LGGZYUKD3HSJBAVW/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YGV7SA27CTYLGFJSPUM3V36ZWK7WWDI4/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YTKC4E3HUOLYN5IA4EBL4VAQSWG2ZVTX/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-25"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211118-0002/"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4994"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-officer@isc.org", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"acknowledgement": "Red Hat would like to thank Kishore Kumar Kothapalli (Infoblox) for reporting this issue. Upstream acknowledges ISC as the original reporter.", "affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2022:2092", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "bind-32:9.11.36-3.el8", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2022-05-10T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2022:2092", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "package": "bind-32:9.11.36-3.el8", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8", "release_date": "2022-05-10T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "bind: Lame cache can be abused to severely degrade resolver performance", "id": "2017636", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2017636"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.3", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "status": "verified"}, "cwe": "CWE-20", "details": ["In BIND 9.3.0 -> 9.11.35, 9.12.0 -> 9.16.21, and versions 9.9.3-S1 -> 9.11.35-S1 and 9.16.8-S1 -> 9.16.21-S1 of BIND Supported Preview Edition, as well as release versions 9.17.0 -> 9.17.18 of the BIND 9.17 development branch, exploitation of broken authoritative servers using a flaw in response processing can cause degradation in BIND resolver performance. The way the lame cache is currently designed makes it possible for its internal data structures to grow almost infinitely, which may cause significant delays in client query processing.", "A flaw was found in the way bind processes broken responses from authoritative servers. This caching mechanism could be abused by an attacker to significantly degrade resolver performance."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "The vulnerability has been mitigated by changing the default value of lame-ttl to 0"}, "name": "CVE-2021-25219", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2021-10-27T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-25219\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25219\nhttps://kb.isc.org/v1/docs/cve-2021-25219"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}