CVE-2009-2691

{"containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"product": "n/a", "vendor": "n/a", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]}], "datePublic": "2009-08-11T00:00:00.000Z", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The mm_for_maps function in fs/proc/base.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.30.4 and earlier allows local users to read (1) maps and (2) smaps files under proc/ via vectors related to ELF loading, a setuid process, and a race condition."}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"description": "n/a", "lang": "en", "type": "text"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"dateUpdated": "2017-08-16T14:57:01.000Z", "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "shortName": "mitre"}, "references": [{"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090623 [PATCH 1/1] mm_for_maps: simplify, use ptrace_may_access()", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/653"}, {"name": "36265", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36265"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090623 [PATCH 0/1] mm_for_maps: simplify, use ptrace_may_access()", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/652"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171"}, {"name": "RHSA-2009:1540", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_REDHAT"], "url": "https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1540.html"}, {"name": "36019", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_BID"], "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36019"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=00f89d218523b9bf6b522349c039d5ac80aa536d"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=704b836cbf19e885f8366bccb2e4b0474346c02d"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20090811 CVE-2009-2691 kernel: /proc/$pid/maps visible during initial setuid ELF loading", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/11/1"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090710 [PATCH 1/2] mm_for_maps: shift down_read(mmap_sem) to the caller", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718946021193"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2009-9044", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_FEDORA"], "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-August/msg01256.html"}, {"name": "ADV-2009-2246", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_VUPEN"], "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2246"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=13f0feafa6b8aead57a2a328e2fca6a5828bf286"}, {"name": "36501", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36501"}, {"name": "DSA-2005", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_DEBIAN"], "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2005"}, {"name": "linux-kernel-mmformaps-info-disclosure(52401)", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_XF"], "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52401"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090710 [PATCH 2/2] mm_for_maps: take ->cred_guard_mutex to fix the race", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718949821250"}], "x_legacyV4Record": {"CVE_data_meta": {"ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org", "ID": "CVE-2009-2691", "STATE": "PUBLIC"}, "affects": {"vendor": {"vendor_data": [{"product": {"product_data": [{"product_name": "n/a", "version": {"version_data": [{"version_value": "n/a"}]}}]}, "vendor_name": "n/a"}]}}, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": {"description_data": [{"lang": "eng", "value": "The mm_for_maps function in fs/proc/base.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.30.4 and earlier allows local users to read (1) maps and (2) smaps files under proc/ via vectors related to ELF loading, a setuid process, and a race condition."}]}, "problemtype": {"problemtype_data": [{"description": [{"lang": "eng", "value": "n/a"}]}]}, "references": {"reference_data": [{"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090623 [PATCH 1/1] mm_for_maps: simplify, use ptrace_may_access()", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/653"}, {"name": "36265", "refsource": "SECUNIA", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36265"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090623 [PATCH 0/1] mm_for_maps: simplify, use ptrace_may_access()", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/652"}, {"name": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171"}, {"name": "RHSA-2009:1540", "refsource": "REDHAT", "url": "https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1540.html"}, {"name": "36019", "refsource": "BID", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36019"}, {"name": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=00f89d218523b9bf6b522349c039d5ac80aa536d", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=00f89d218523b9bf6b522349c039d5ac80aa536d"}, {"name": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=704b836cbf19e885f8366bccb2e4b0474346c02d", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=704b836cbf19e885f8366bccb2e4b0474346c02d"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20090811 CVE-2009-2691 kernel: /proc/$pid/maps visible during initial setuid ELF loading", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/11/1"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090710 [PATCH 1/2] mm_for_maps: shift down_read(mmap_sem) to the caller", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718946021193"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2009-9044", "refsource": "FEDORA", "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-August/msg01256.html"}, {"name": "ADV-2009-2246", "refsource": "VUPEN", "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2246"}, {"name": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=13f0feafa6b8aead57a2a328e2fca6a5828bf286", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=13f0feafa6b8aead57a2a328e2fca6a5828bf286"}, {"name": "36501", "refsource": "SECUNIA", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36501"}, {"name": "DSA-2005", "refsource": "DEBIAN", "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2005"}, {"name": "linux-kernel-mmformaps-info-disclosure(52401)", "refsource": "XF", "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52401"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090710 [PATCH 2/2] mm_for_maps: take ->cred_guard_mutex to fix the race", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718949821250"}]}}}, "adp": [{"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-07T05:59:56.971Z"}, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090623 [PATCH 1/1] mm_for_maps: simplify, use ptrace_may_access()", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/653"}, {"name": "36265", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36265"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090623 [PATCH 0/1] mm_for_maps: simplify, use ptrace_may_access()", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/652"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171"}, {"name": "RHSA-2009:1540", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_REDHAT", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1540.html"}, {"name": "36019", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_BID", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36019"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=00f89d218523b9bf6b522349c039d5ac80aa536d"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=704b836cbf19e885f8366bccb2e4b0474346c02d"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20090811 CVE-2009-2691 kernel: /proc/$pid/maps visible during initial setuid ELF loading", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/11/1"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090710 [PATCH 1/2] mm_for_maps: shift down_read(mmap_sem) to the caller", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718946021193"}, {"name": "FEDORA-2009-9044", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_FEDORA", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-August/msg01256.html"}, {"name": "ADV-2009-2246", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_VUPEN", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2246"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=13f0feafa6b8aead57a2a328e2fca6a5828bf286"}, {"name": "36501", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36501"}, {"name": "DSA-2005", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_DEBIAN", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2005"}, {"name": "linux-kernel-mmformaps-info-disclosure(52401)", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_XF", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52401"}, {"name": "[linux-kernel] 20090710 [PATCH 2/2] mm_for_maps: take ->cred_guard_mutex to fix the race", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718949821250"}]}]}, "cveMetadata": {"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "assignerShortName": "mitre", "cveId": "CVE-2009-2691", "datePublished": "2009-08-14T15:00:00.000Z", "dateReserved": "2009-08-05T00:00:00.000Z", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-07T05:59:56.971Z", "state": "PUBLISHED"}, "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1"}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "n/a", "vendor": "n/a", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]}], "source": "cve@mitre.org"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "63524387-5057-465B-AC04-C7C5CAEAE73A", "versionEndIncluding": "2.6.30.4", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "10E55450-F6D9-483C-9CC8-E651E5A12AB1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "45273823-29EA-44DE-8444-3933402C5793", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "88F60E74-09DB-4D4A-B922-4A46EED0EC20", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E242D3DE-D1DC-406A-BCC3-C4380B7EC369", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8598D6E5-0C5C-4A31-841A-C12801DB7D91", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "59800B0A-477B-42F8-A58A-5144F455AE01", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30:rc7-git6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F166BF6B-BFB0-4206-BD59-179701572F1C", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "99AC6D46-A0BF-4F1D-88BB-03BF74FDB84F", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.30.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "CC40B6DE-09D9-422B-965B-7EB9F6661DEB", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The mm_for_maps function in fs/proc/base.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.30.4 and earlier allows local users to read (1) maps and (2) smaps files under proc/ via vectors related to ELF loading, a setuid process, and a race condition."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "La funci\u00f3n mm_for_maps en fs/proc/base.c en el kernel Linux v2.6.30.4 y anteriores permiten a usuarios locales leer (1) mapas y (2) ficheros smaps bajo proc/ a trav\u00e9s de vectores relativos a la carga ELF, un proceso setuid, y condici\u00f3n de carrera."}], "id": "CVE-2009-2691", "lastModified": "2026-06-16T23:10:01.523", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV2": [{"acInsufInfo": false, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "cvssData": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary", "userInteractionRequired": false}]}, "published": "2009-08-14T15:16:27.467", "references": [{"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=00f89d218523b9bf6b522349c039d5ac80aa536d"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=13f0feafa6b8aead57a2a328e2fca6a5828bf286"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=704b836cbf19e885f8366bccb2e4b0474346c02d"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/652"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/653"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718946021193"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718949821250"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36265"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36501"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2005"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/11/1"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36019"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2246"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52401"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1540.html"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-August/msg01256.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=00f89d218523b9bf6b522349c039d5ac80aa536d"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=13f0feafa6b8aead57a2a328e2fca6a5828bf286"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=704b836cbf19e885f8366bccb2e4b0474346c02d"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/652"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/653"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718946021193"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=124718949821250"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36265"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36501"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2005"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/11/1"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36019"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2246"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/52401"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1540.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-August/msg01256.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org", "vendorComments": [{"comment": "The Red Hat Security Response Team has rated this issue as having moderate security impact.\n\nWe currently have no plans to fix this flaw in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, 4, and 5 as it is not possible to trigger the information leak if the suid_dumpable tunable is set to zero (which is the default).\n\nIt was addressed in Red Hat Enterprise MRG via: https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2009-1540.html", "lastModified": "2009-11-04T00:00:00", "organization": "Red Hat"}], "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-200"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2009:1540", "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_mrg:1::el5", "package": "kernel-rt-0:2.6.24.7-137.el5rt", "product_name": "MRG for RHEL-5", "release_date": "2009-11-03T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: /proc/$pid/maps visible during initial setuid ELF loading", "id": "516171", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=516171"}, "csaw": false, "cvss": {"cvss_base_score": "2.1", "cvss_scoring_vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "status": "verified"}, "details": ["The mm_for_maps function in fs/proc/base.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.30.4 and earlier allows local users to read (1) maps and (2) smaps files under proc/ via vectors related to ELF loading, a setuid process, and a race condition."], "name": "CVE-2009-2691", "public_date": "2009-07-10T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2009-2691\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-2691"], "statement": "We currently have no plans to fix this flaw in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, 4, and 5 as it is not possible to trigger the information leak if the suid_dumpable tunable is set to zero (which is the default).", "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}