Improper verification of intent by broadcast receiver in Samsung Cloud Assistant prior to version 9.0.5 allows local attackers to disable enhanced data protection settings.

Unauthorized factory reset of Infinix devices

Infinix devices contain a pre-loaded "com.transsion.agingfunction" application, that exposes an unsecured broadcast receiver. An attacker can communicate with the receiver and force the device to perform a factory reset without any Android system permissions.  After multiple attempts to contact the vendor we did not receive any answer. We suppose this issue affects all Infinix Mobile devices.

Rails Active Storage has possible content type bypass via metadata in direct uploads

Active Storage allows users to attach cloud and local files in Rails applications. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `DirectUploadsController` accepts arbitrary metadata from the client and persists it on the blob. Because internal flags like `identified` and `analyzed` are stored in the same metadata hash, a direct-upload client can set these flags to skip MIME detection and analysis. This allows an attacker to upload arbitrary content while claiming a safe `content_type`, bypassing any validations that rely on Active Storage's automatic content type identification. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.

Call management - Implicit intents disclose telephony data such as phone numbers, call states, contacts

The vulnerability is that the Call management ("com.android.server.telecom") app patched by LG sends a lot of LG-owned implicit broadcasts that disclose sensitive data to all third-party apps installed on the same device. Those intents include data such as call states, durations, called numbers, contacts info, etc.