Echo: middleware.Static: `%2F`-encoded path bypasses route/group middleware guarding a statically-served path

Echo is a Go web framework. Prior to 4.16.0 and 5.4.0, a globally mounted middleware.Static instance can interpret an encoded request path differently from Echo's router because the router matches the still-encoded path while the static handler uses the decoded URL.Path. The advisory demonstrates an encoded slash resolving to a file under the static root through the global static middleware, but the source is internally inconsistent about whether a route or group guard protects the corresponding literal path in that global-mount configuration. This issue is fixed in 4.16.0 and 5.4.0.

OpenNext Cloudflare: Cache interception can bypass middleware protection for encoded paths

OpenNext Cloudflare is an open Next.js adapter for Cloudflare. From 0.3.0 until 1.20.2, applications that enable enableCacheInterception, rely on middleware for access control, and have a matching cached protected route process encoded pathnames inconsistently between middleware matching and cache lookup. An unauthenticated attacker can use a percent-encoded pathname that does not match authorization middleware but decodes to the cache key of a protected route, causing cached content to be returned without authorization. Malformed encodings can also be partially decoded, allowing cache lookup to continue with a pathname that middleware did not evaluate consistently. This issue is fixed in version 1.20.2.

curl: percent-encoded path separator in URL host

The curl URL parser wrongly accepts percent-encoded URL separators like '/'when decoding the host name part of a URL, making it a *different* URL usingthe wrong host name when it is later retrieved.For example, a URL like `http://example.com%2F127.0.0.1/`, would be allowed bythe parser and get transposed into `http://example.com/127.0.0.1/`. This flawcan be used to circumvent filters, checks and more.

Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager System Account Authorization Bypass Vulnerability

A vulnerability in the API session-based authentication management of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access an affected system with privileges of the admin user. This vulnerability is due to improper handling of URI encoding in an HTTP request, which allows the request to bypass an authentication rule that is intended to restrict access to a specific API endpoint. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the API of the affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass authentication and gain access to the API as the admin user.

Connection redirection via percent-encoded delimiter injection in connection string hosts

PyMongo's connection string parsing decodes percent-encoded characters in the host portion before the host list is separated on its delimiters. When an application places a hostname value supplied by an unauthenticated party into a connection string, that party may cause additional servers of their choosing to be added to the application's database client. The application may then send its authentication exchange and database operations to one of those servers, which can observe limited information and return altered results.

fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via percent-encoded scheme normalization

fast-uri is a URI parser for Node.js. During parsing it runs a legacy decoding pass over the scheme component and never re-escapes the result, and serialization writes the scheme back out verbatim, unlike the host component which is re-escaped. As a result an input whose scheme carries percent-encoded slashes parses as a scheme with no authority, so the parsed host and error are both undefined, yet resolving or normalizing that same input emits a network-path reference whose authority is attacker-chosen and re-parses to that host. An application that allowlists on the parsed host, or treats a reference with no authority as safe to resolve against its base, gets the opposite of what it checked, giving an off-site redirect, server-side request forgery, or address-policy bypass. The legacy decoder also expands non-standard escape forms, widening the issue past upstream filters, and control characters in the scheme can reach the output as raw carriage return and line feed. The affected versions are 2.3.1 up to but not including 2.4.5, 3.0.0 up to but not including 3.1.6, and 4.0.0 up to but not including 4.1.3. The issue is fixed in 2.4.5, 3.1.6, and 4.1.3, which reject a scheme that is not valid after decoding. Users should upgrade to a patched version.

Mailpit: WebSocket origin check bypass via percent-encoded path (regression of CVE-2026-22689)

Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. From 1.29.0 until 1.30.6, Mailpit's server/server.go origin middleware checks the raw RequestURI for the /api/ prefix while Go's ServeMux routes using the percent-decoded URL path, and server/websockets/client.go configures websocket.Upgrader.CheckOrigin to return true. A malicious website can request /%61pi/events, skip corsOriginAccessControl(), reach the /api/events WebSocket handler, and receive live message IDs, Message-Id values, sender and recipient fields, subjects, tags, and body snippets from an unauthenticated default Mailpit instance after the user visits the site. This is a regression of the earlier WebSocket origin protection and does not affect deployments protected by --ui-auth-file. This issue is fixed in version 1.30.6.

Velociraptor Stored XSS in URL column types

Velociraptor's web GUI allows specifying a custom type for columns in tables. The URL type takes the cell value and forms a URL which can be clicked in the GUI.The code does not limit the schemes allowed in this URL , allowing an attacker to specify a JavaScript scheme exposing the user to XSS.

Apache Tomcat: Incorrect URL decoding in RewriteValve may allow security control bypass

Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's rewrite valve allowed security constraint bypass for some configurations. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.23, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.56, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.119, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other versions that have reached end of support may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.24, 10.1.57 or 9.0.120, which fix the issue.

Apache Gravitino: URL path injection via unencoded user-supplied identifiers in MCP REST client f-string URL construction, enabling path traversal to unintended API endpoints.

URL path injection via unencoded user-supplied identifiers vulnerability in Apache Gravitino. This issue affects Apache Gravitino: from 1.0.0 before 1.2.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.2.1, which fixes the issue.

Fastify Middie Middleware Path Bypass

@fastify/middie is the plugin that adds middleware support on steroids to Fastify. A security vulnerability exists in @fastify/middie prior to version 9.1.0 where middleware registered with a specific path prefix can be bypassed using URL-encoded characters (e.g., `/%61dmin` instead of `/admin`). While the middleware engine fails to match the encoded path and skips execution, the underlying Fastify router correctly decodes the path and matches the route handler, allowing attackers to access protected endpoints without the middleware constraints. Version 9.1.0 fixes the issue.

@fastify/static vulnerable to route guard bypass via encoded path separators

@fastify/static versions 8.0.0 through 9.1.0 decode percent-encoded path separators (%2F) before filesystem resolution, while Fastify's router treats them as literal characters. This mismatch allows attackers to bypass route-based middleware or guards that protect files served by @fastify/static. For example, a route guard on a protected path can be circumvented by encoding the path separator in the URL. Upgrade to @fastify/static 9.1.1 to fix this issue. There are no workarounds.

@fastify/express vulnerable to Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding)

The @fastify/express plugin adds full Express compatibility to Fastify. A security vulnerability exists in @fastify/express prior to version 4.0.3 where middleware registered with a specific path prefix can be bypassed using URL-encoded characters (e.g., `/%61dmin` instead of `/admin`). While the middleware engine fails to match the encoded path and skips execution, the underlying Fastify router correctly decodes the path and matches the route handler, allowing attackers to access protected endpoints without the middleware constraints. The vulnerability is caused by how @fastify/express matches requests against registered middleware paths. This vulnerability is similar to, but differs from, CVE-2026-22031 because this is a different npm module with its own code. Version 4.0.3 of @fastify/express contains a patch fort the issue.

Hono: Arbitrary file access via serveStatic vulnerability

Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to version 4.12.4, when using serveStatic together with route-based middleware protections (e.g. app.use('/admin/*', ...)), inconsistent URL decoding allowed protected static resources to be accessed without authorization. The router used decodeURI, while serveStatic used decodeURIComponent. This mismatch allowed paths containing encoded slashes (%2F) to bypass middleware protections while still resolving to the intended filesystem path. This issue has been patched in version 4.12.4.

Access rules for PingAccess may be circumvented with URL-encoded characters

Improper handling of canonical URL-encoding may lead to bypass not properly constrained by request rules.

Improper Handling of URL Encoding (Hex Encoding) in GitLab

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2 that could have allowed an authenticated user to gain CSRF tokens by exploiting improper input validation in repository references combined with redirect handling weaknesses.

QTS, QuTS hero

An improper handling of URL encoding (Hex Encoding) vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run the system into unexpected state. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later QTS 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 and later QuTS hero h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later QuTS hero h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 and later

ceph: possible DoS issue in ceph URL processing on RGW backends

A flaw was found in Ceph, relating to the URL processing on RGW backends. An attacker can exploit the URL processing by providing a null URL to crash the RGW, causing a denial of service.

serve node module suffers from Improper Handling of URL Encoding by permitting access to ignored files if a filename is URL encoded.