polkit: Local privilege escalation in pkexec due to incorrect handling of argument vector

A local privilege escalation vulnerability was found on polkit's pkexec utility. The pkexec application is a setuid tool designed to allow unprivileged users to run commands as privileged users according predefined policies. The current version of pkexec doesn't handle the calling parameters count correctly and ends trying to execute environment variables as commands. An attacker can leverage this by crafting environment variables in such a way it'll induce pkexec to execute arbitrary code. When successfully executed the attack can cause a local privilege escalation given unprivileged users administrative rights on the target machine.

A flaw was found in the REST API. An improperly handled REST API call could allow any logged user to elevate privileges up to the system account. This affects StarWind Command Center build 6003 v2.

kernel: perf_event_parse_addr_filter memory

A flaw memory leak in the Linux kernel performance monitoring subsystem was found in the way if using PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER. A local user could use this flaw to starve the resources causing denial of service.

vim: users can execute arbitrary OS commands via scripting interfaces in the rvim restricted mode

In Vim before 8.1.0881, users can circumvent the rvim restricted mode and execute arbitrary OS commands via scripting interfaces (e.g., Python, Ruby, or Lua).