CVE-2026-98983

unshare: don't drop active namespace references that were never taken

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: unshare: don't drop active namespace references that were never taken Active references on the namespaces of an nsproxy are taken when the nsproxy is installed into a task in switch_task_namespaces() and copy_namespaces() and dropped again by put_nsproxy() through deactivate_nsproxy(). But ksys_unshare() calls put_nsproxy() on an nsproxy that was never installed when set_cred_ucounts() fails. The new namespaces of that nsproxy go from zero to minus one and the namespaces shared with the caller lose a reference that belongs to the nsproxy the caller keeps using: WARNING: kernel/nscommon.c:171 at __ns_ref_active_put+0x1cd/0x230 nsproxy_ns_active_put deactivate_nsproxy ksys_unshare Afterwards the namespaces the caller lives in aren't listed by listns() anymore. set_cred_ucounts() only fails when alloc_ucounts() can't allocate and it only allocates when the real uid of the caller differs from its effective uid. Commit cefd55bd2159 ("nsproxy: fix free_nsproxy() and simplify create_new_namespaces()") separated the two cases on purpose. nsproxy_free() frees an nsproxy that was prepared but never installed and that's what a failed setns() uses in put_nsset(). Export it and use it for a failed unshare() as well.

CVSS 3.1 · 4.7 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98953

devlink: fix devlink_rel reference leak when notify work is pending

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: devlink: fix devlink_rel reference leak when notify work is pending devlink_rel_nested_in_notify_work_schedule() takes a reference on the devlink_rel for the notify work and then queues the work, ignoring the return value of schedule_delayed_work(). If the work is already pending, nothing new is queued, the work runs only once and drops only one reference, so the extra one is leaked together with the devlink_rel and its index in devlink_rels. This is easy to hit. devl_register() of a nested instance queues the work, and if the instance is unregistered before the work has run, devlink_rel_put() queues it again while it is still pending. The work also keeps rescheduling itself for as long as the parent devlink lock cannot be taken, which widens the window. Registering and unregistering a nested devlink instance 100 times while holding the parent lock leaks all 100 devlink_rel objects. The reschedule path in devlink_rel_nested_in_notify_work() has the same problem: if the work was queued again while it was running, the reference it holds is never dropped. Drop the reference in both places when the work was already pending. The pending work holds its own reference, so this can not be the last one.

CVSS 3.1 · 3.3 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98949

drm/imagination: Fix reference and vm_bo handling in remap()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/imagination: Fix reference and vm_bo handling in remap() When a map overlaps part of an existing mapping, pvr_vm_gpuva_remap() splits the mapping into prev/next parts covering what the request did not take, instead of creating something new. It gets two things wrong. - A GEM reference is taken for each part but it's never needed and never dropped, so it leaks one reference per split (remap-next-in-2m in tests/imagination/pvr_vm_map.c): CRITICAL: 33558528 bytes of shmem still held after close - The parts still belong to the original object being split, but pvr_vm_gpuva_remap() links them to ctx->gpuvm_bo, the new object's vm_bo: prev_va --obj--> BO_A BO_B <--obj-- vm_bo (ctx->gpuvm_bo) \___________link___________/ (mismatch: BO_A != BO_B) drm_gpuva_link() catches the mismatch: WARNING: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gpuvm.c:2108 at drm_gpuva_link+0x2ec/0x310 drm_WARN_ON(obj != vm_bo->obj) Call trace: drm_gpuva_link pvr_vm_gpuva_remap __drm_gpuvm_sm_map pvr_vm_map pvr_ioctl_vm_map Link them to op->remap.unmap->va->vm_bo instead. The locking of the GPUVA lists of the other objects touched by a split is not addressed here; it is handled by switching the GPUVM to immediate mode.

CVSS 3.1 · 3.3 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98966

bonding: fix the program leak when XDP is replaced

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bonding: fix the program leak when XDP is replaced We need to release the reference on the old BPF prog, whether we are going to no-prog, or replacing the prog with another. Spotted by AI while running tests for the propagation series (leaked programs were accumulating). Selftest will come in the net-next series to avoid conflicts.

CVSS 3.1 · 2.3 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-99104

sched_ext: Fix the bypass dispatch claim for schedulers bypassed by an ancestor

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched_ext: Fix the bypass dispatch claim for schedulers bypassed by an ancestor scx_bypass() claims bypass dispatch when the scheduler's depth goes from zero to one and releases it when the depth returns to zero, but propagates only the depth to the descendants, not the claim. A descendant that starts bypassing with its ancestor never claims, and one whose own bypass ends under the ancestor's keeps its claim, as its depth does not return to zero. A sub-scheduler enable whose bypass ends under a PM suspend thus leaks its claim: the parent keeps hosting bypass dispatch and the sub-scheduler's next bypass trips the WARN_ON_ONCE() on the claim. A sub-scheduler disable that starts under a PM suspend has no claim, so once the resume lifts the root's bypass its tasks sit on the parent's bypass DSQs with nobody consuming them. Claim for every descendant whose depth goes from zero to one in the propagation and release every scheduler in the subtree whose depth returned to zero once the tasks have moved out of the bypass DSQs. A parent that is bypassing itself when a descendant claims consumes only its own bypass DSQs, empty until it leaves bypass and becomes the host.

CVSS 3.1 · 4.1 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-99119

drm/amdgpu/userq: actually validate userq BOs

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdgpu/userq: actually validate userq BOs This was supposed to loop over the individual evicted list, as the kernel and always_valid evicted lists were already handled in amdgpu_vm_validate. Without this, BOs that were created and evicted before a userq was made would never end up in an eviction fence rearm. Also add the missing ref to the BO before drm_exec locks and refs it. (cherry picked from commit 18decfc9e8cc0fa70b6de9944cc27a37729edfbd)

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-63919

xfrm: input: hold netns during deferred transport reinjection

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: input: hold netns during deferred transport reinjection Transport-mode reinjection stores a struct net pointer in skb->cb and uses it later from xfrm_trans_reinject(). That pointer must stay valid until the deferred callback runs. Take a netns reference when queueing deferred reinjection work and drop it after the callback completes. Use maybe_get_net() so the queueing path does not revive a namespace that is already being torn down. This keeps the existing workqueue design and fixes the netns lifetime handling in one place for all users of xfrm_trans_queue_net().

CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-99075

rust_binder: reschedule node refcount update on thread exit

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rust_binder: reschedule node refcount update on thread exit When a thread exits via BINDER_THREAD_EXIT, its pending work items are cancelled. If a thread exits while holding a pending node refcount increment (e.g. pushed as deferred work to that thread), the refcount increment was previously dropped because Node::cancel() and NodeWrapper::cancel() were no-ops. Dropping the refcount update leaves the node's delivery state and count state desynchronized, and userspace will not receive the notification, which can cause the node to never be freed from the process's nodes tree when all external references are dropped. Fix this by implementing DeliverToRead::cancel() for Node and NodeWrapper to move the pending refcount update to the process's work queue on thread exit so another thread can deliver it to userspace.

CVSS 3.1 · 3.3 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98120

netfs: Fix subreq ref leak

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix subreq ref leak Fix a subrequest ref leak in netfs_unbuffered_write() in the event that subreq->io_iter ends up zero length during preparation.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98144

accel/amdxdna: put the chained BO when its mapping fails

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/amdxdna: put the chained BO when its mapping fails amdxdna_cmd_set_error() looks up the first BO of a command chain, which takes a reference, and drops it at the end of the function. The mapping of that BO is established in between, and the failure path returns without the put, so the reference is leaked. Ordinary use does not reach it. The chain has been submitted before any of this runs, so aie2_cmdlist_fill_slot() has already called amdxdna_cmd_get_op() on that BO and amdxdna_gem_vmap() has cached its address. What makes it reachable is that the BO is resolved again by handle here, and the handle is userspace's to recycle: closing it after submission and importing a dma-buf whose exporter implements no vmap onto the same id leaves amdxdna_gem_get_obj() returning an object this cannot map, since prime_import() types every import AMDXDNA_BO_SHARE.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98690

thunderbolt: Fix domain reference leak when DPRX read is canceled

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thunderbolt: Fix domain reference leak when DPRX read is canceled tb_tunnel_one_dp() takes a domain reference which is only dropped once tb_dp_tunnel_active() has run on the work queue. If that work is cancelled that reference is leaked. Since commit f5cc545f5969 ("thunderbolt: Wait for tb_domain_release() to complete when driver is removed") instead of just leaking memory this now also blocks in the completion wait forever when unbinding the driver. This can be triggered whenever a DP tunnel is torn down before the DPRX read has completed, e.g. by unplugging within the timeout, and then unbinding the driver. That reference only exists to keep the domain around while the DPRX work is scheduled so let the work itself own it: take it in tb_dp_dprx_start() and drop it in both places that end the work. Get/put are then paired inside the same file and it doesn't matter anymore if the callback ever runs.

CVSS 3.1 · 1.9 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-98128

scsi: mpi3mr: Fix target device refcount leak in mpi3mr_sas_port_add()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: mpi3mr: Fix target device refcount leak in mpi3mr_sas_port_add() mpi3mr_get_tgtdev_by_addr() increments the target device kref when it returns a device. If a subsequent error triggers a goto out_fail after the tgtdev reference is acquired, the reference is never released because the out_fail path does not call mpi3mr_tgtdev_put(). This prevents the target device structure from ever being freed. Add a tgtdev put in the out_fail path, guarded by a NULL check since tgtdev is only acquired for SAS_END_DEVICE types and the same cleanup path is shared by earlier error cases where tgtdev is still NULL.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-110753

Text::CSV_XS versions from 1.46 before 1.65 for Perl have a use-after-free of bind_columns variables when skip_empty_rows skips an empty line in getline

Text::CSV_XS versions from 1.46 before 1.65 for Perl have a use-after-free of bind_columns variables when skip_empty_rows skips an empty line in getline. With bind_columns, the parser writes each field into the caller's own scalar without taking a reference to it. When skip_empty_rows skips an empty last line, the parser frees the current field scalar without checking whether it is bound, dropping one reference from the application's variable. The "eof" mode does the same on any empty line. The variable is then freed while the application still references it, so later code uses freed memory and can crash the process.

CVSS 3.1 · 9.8 Critical EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Hmbrand

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Text::csv Xs

CVE-2026-98781

drm/mediatek: Fix pdev reference leak in mtk_drm_bind()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/mediatek: Fix pdev reference leak in mtk_drm_bind() When the device is not the mmsys master, mtk_drm_bind() returns early after taking a reference on the disp-mutex device via of_find_device_by_node(), without ever dropping it: mtk_drm_unbind() only puts mutex_dev for the master. Drop the reference before returning from the non-master path.

CVSS 3.1 · 2.3 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-72469

xprtrdma: Fix ep kref imbalance on ADDR_CHANGE

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xprtrdma: Fix ep kref imbalance on ADDR_CHANGE rpcrdma_cm_event_handler() falls through to the disconnected: label on RDMA_CM_EVENT_ADDR_CHANGE and calls rpcrdma_ep_put() with no matching get when the event arrives before RDMA_CM_EVENT_ESTABLISHED. The kref then underflows during connect teardown and rpcrdma_xprt_disconnect() operates on a freed ep. Reference counts across a normal connection lifecycle: rpcrdma_ep_create() kref_init ->1 rpcrdma_xprt_connect() ep_get ->2 (before post_recvs) RDMA_CM_EVENT_ESTABLISHED ep_get ->3 RDMA_CM_EVENT_DISCONNECTED ep_put ->2 rpcrdma_xprt_drain() ep_put ->1 rpcrdma_xprt_disconnect() tail ep_put ->0 (ep_destroy) The connect-time get in rpcrdma_xprt_connect(), taken just before rpcrdma_post_recvs() "while there are outstanding Receives," is balanced by rpcrdma_xprt_drain. ADDR_CHANGE before ESTABLISHED has no get to consume, so its put drops the count to 1 and the drain put then frees the ep while rpcrdma_xprt_disconnect() still holds a pointer to it. Fix by dispatching on the prior re_connect_status via xchg(): for prev == 0 (pre-ESTABLISHED) wake the connect waiter and return with no put; for prev == 1 call rpcrdma_force_disconnect() and return. The case-1 arm relies on the subsequent RDMA_CM_EVENT_DISCONNECTED event -- reliably delivered when rdma_disconnect() is called on a still-connected cm_id -- to balance the ESTABLISHED get; rpcrdma_xprt_drain() continues to balance only that connect-time get. Any other prior value means teardown is already in flight.

CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-74373

md/raid1,raid10: fix bio accounting for split md cloned bios

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/raid1,raid10: fix bio accounting for split md cloned bios Use md_cloned_bio() to control bio accounting instead of relying on r1bio_existed in raid1 or the io_accounting flag in raid10. The previous logic does not reliably reflect whether a bio is an md cloned bio. When a failed bio is split and resubmitted via bio_submit_split_bioset() on the error path, this can lead to either double accounting for md cloned bios, or missing accounting for bios returned from bio_submit_split_bioset() Fix this by using md_cloned_bio() to detect md cloned bios and skip accounting accordingly.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-64154

drm/msm/adreno: Fix a reference leak in a6xx_gpu_init()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm/adreno: Fix a reference leak in a6xx_gpu_init() In a6xx_gpu_init(), node is obtained via of_parse_phandle(). While there was a manual of_node_put() at the end of the common path, several early error returns would bypass this call, resulting in a reference leak. Fix this by using the __free(device_node) cleanup handler to release the reference when the variable goes out of scope. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/700661/

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-45861

gfs2: Fix slab-use-after-free in qd_put

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gfs2: Fix slab-use-after-free in qd_put Commit a475c5dd16e5 ("gfs2: Free quota data objects synchronously") started freeing quota data objects during filesystem shutdown instead of putting them back onto the LRU list, but it failed to remove these objects from the LRU list, causing LRU list corruption. This caused use-after-free when the shrinker (gfs2_qd_shrink_scan) tried to access already-freed objects on the LRU list. Fix this by removing qd objects from the LRU list before freeing them in qd_put(). Initial fix from Deepanshu Kartikey <kartikey406@gmail.com>.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.8 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-43465

net/mlx5e: RX, Fix XDP multi-buf frag counting for striding RQ

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5e: RX, Fix XDP multi-buf frag counting for striding RQ XDP multi-buf programs can modify the layout of the XDP buffer when the program calls bpf_xdp_pull_data() or bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(). The referenced commit in the fixes tag corrected the assumption in the mlx5 driver that the XDP buffer layout doesn't change during a program execution. However, this fix introduced another issue: the dropped fragments still need to be counted on the driver side to avoid page fragment reference counting issues. The issue was discovered by the drivers/net/xdp.py selftest, more specifically the test_xdp_native_tx_mb: - The mlx5 driver allocates a page_pool page and initializes it with a frag counter of 64 (pp_ref_count=64) and the internal frag counter to 0. - The test sends one packet with no payload. - On RX (mlx5e_skb_from_cqe_mpwrq_nonlinear()), mlx5 configures the XDP buffer with the packet data starting in the first fragment which is the page mentioned above. - The XDP program runs and calls bpf_xdp_pull_data() which moves the header into the linear part of the XDP buffer. As the packet doesn't contain more data, the program drops the tail fragment since it no longer contains any payload (pp_ref_count=63). - mlx5 device skips counting this fragment. Internal frag counter remains 0. - mlx5 releases all 64 fragments of the page but page pp_ref_count is 63 => negative reference counting error. Resulting splat during the test: WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 188225 at ./include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:297 mlx5e_page_release_fragmented.isra.0+0xbd/0xe0 [mlx5_core] Modules linked in: [...] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 188225 Comm: ip Not tainted 6.18.0-rc7_for_upstream_min_debug_2025_12_08_11_44 #1 NONE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:mlx5e_page_release_fragmented.isra.0+0xbd/0xe0 [mlx5_core] [...] Call Trace: <TASK> mlx5e_free_rx_mpwqe+0x20a/0x250 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_dealloc_rx_mpwqe+0x37/0xb0 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_free_rx_descs+0x11a/0x170 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_rq+0x78/0xa0 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_queues+0x46/0x2a0 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_channel+0x24/0x90 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_channels+0x5d/0xf0 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_safe_switch_params+0x2ec/0x380 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_change_mtu+0x11d/0x490 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_change_nic_mtu+0x19/0x30 [mlx5_core] netif_set_mtu_ext+0xfc/0x240 do_setlink.isra.0+0x226/0x1100 rtnl_newlink+0x7a9/0xba0 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x220/0x3c0 netlink_rcv_skb+0x4b/0xf0 netlink_unicast+0x255/0x380 netlink_sendmsg+0x1f3/0x420 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x60 ____sys_sendmsg+0x1e8/0x240 ___sys_sendmsg+0x7c/0xb0 [...] __sys_sendmsg+0x5f/0xb0 do_syscall_64+0x55/0xc70 The problem applies for XDP_PASS as well which is handled in a different code path in the driver. This patch fixes the issue by doing page frag counting on all the original XDP buffer fragments for all relevant XDP actions (XDP_TX , XDP_REDIRECT and XDP_PASS). This is basically reverting to the original counting before the commit in the fixes tag. As frag_page is still pointing to the original tail, the nr_frags parameter to xdp_update_skb_frags_info() needs to be calculated in a different way to reflect the new nr_frags.

CVSS 3.1 · 9.8 Critical EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-43464

net/mlx5e: RX, Fix XDP multi-buf frag counting for legacy RQ

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5e: RX, Fix XDP multi-buf frag counting for legacy RQ XDP multi-buf programs can modify the layout of the XDP buffer when the program calls bpf_xdp_pull_data() or bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(). The referenced commit in the fixes tag corrected the assumption in the mlx5 driver that the XDP buffer layout doesn't change during a program execution. However, this fix introduced another issue: the dropped fragments still need to be counted on the driver side to avoid page fragment reference counting issues. Such issue can be observed with the test_xdp_native_adjst_tail_shrnk_data selftest when using a payload of 3600 and shrinking by 256 bytes (an upcoming selftest patch): the last fragment gets released by the XDP code but doesn't get tracked by the driver. This results in a negative pp_ref_count during page release and the following splat: WARNING: include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:297 at mlx5e_page_release_fragmented.isra.0+0x4a/0x50 [mlx5_core], CPU#12: ip/3137 Modules linked in: [...] CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 3137 Comm: ip Not tainted 6.19.0-rc3+ #12 NONE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:mlx5e_page_release_fragmented.isra.0+0x4a/0x50 [mlx5_core] [...] Call Trace: <TASK> mlx5e_dealloc_rx_wqe+0xcb/0x1a0 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_free_rx_descs+0x7f/0x110 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_rq+0x50/0x60 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_queues+0x36/0x2c0 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_channel+0x1c/0x50 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_close_channels+0x45/0x80 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_safe_switch_params+0x1a5/0x230 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_change_mtu+0xf3/0x2f0 [mlx5_core] netif_set_mtu_ext+0xf1/0x230 do_setlink.isra.0+0x219/0x1180 rtnl_newlink+0x79f/0xb60 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x213/0x3a0 netlink_rcv_skb+0x48/0xf0 netlink_unicast+0x24a/0x350 netlink_sendmsg+0x1ee/0x410 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x60 ____sys_sendmsg+0x232/0x280 ___sys_sendmsg+0x78/0xb0 __sys_sendmsg+0x5f/0xb0 [...] do_syscall_64+0x57/0xc50 This patch fixes the issue by doing page frag counting on all the original XDP buffer fragments for all relevant XDP actions (XDP_TX , XDP_REDIRECT and XDP_PASS). This is basically reverting to the original counting before the commit in the fixes tag. As frag_page is still pointing to the original tail, the nr_frags parameter to xdp_update_skb_frags_info() needs to be calculated in a different way to reflect the new nr_frags.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

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Linux

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Linux Kernel