curl: HSTS bypass via trailing dot

Using its HSTS support, curl can be instructed to use HTTPS directly insteadof using an insecure clear-text HTTP step even when HTTP is provided in theURL. This mechanism could be bypassed if the host name in the given URL used atrailing dot while not using one when it built the HSTS cache. Or the otherway around - by having the trailing dot in the HSTS cache and *not* using thetrailing dot in the URL.

curl: Server responses received before STARTTLS processed after TLS handshake

When curl >= 7.20.0 and <= 7.78.0 connects to an IMAP or POP3 server to retrieve data using STARTTLS to upgrade to TLS security, the server can respond and send back multiple responses at once that curl caches. curl would then upgrade to TLS but not flush the in-queue of cached responses but instead continue using and trustingthe responses it got *before* the TLS handshake as if they were authenticated.Using this flaw, it allows a Man-In-The-Middle attacker to first inject the fake responses, then pass-through the TLS traffic from the legitimate server and trick curl into sending data back to the user thinking the attacker's injected data comes from the TLS-protected server.

curl: Requirement to use TLS not properly enforced for IMAP, POP3, and FTP protocols

A user can tell curl >= 7.20.0 and <= 7.78.0 to require a successful upgrade to TLS when speaking to an IMAP, POP3 or FTP server (`--ssl-reqd` on the command line or`CURLOPT_USE_SSL` set to `CURLUSESSL_CONTROL` or `CURLUSESSL_ALL` withlibcurl). This requirement could be bypassed if the server would return a properly crafted but perfectly legitimate response.This flaw would then make curl silently continue its operations **withoutTLS** contrary to the instructions and expectations, exposing possibly sensitive data in clear text over the network.

Cleartext transmission in Progress MarkLogic Server cluster join operations

Progress MarkLogic Server 12.x releases before 12.1.0 may use cleartext transport for certain cluster-management communications. A network-positioned attacker could intercept or modify information transmitted through an affected connection.

curl: Metalink download sends credentials

When curl is instructed to get content using the metalink feature, and a user name and password are used to download the metalink XML file, those same credentials are then subsequently passed on to each of the servers from which curl will download or try to download the contents from. Often contrary to the user's expectations and intentions and without telling the user it happened.

Mindwtr: Cloud token and WebDAV password stored in plaintext on mobile

Mindwtr is a free offline-first task management application for desktop and mobile. Prior to 1.1.5, the mobile application writes the Cloud sync bearer token and WebDAV password to unencrypted AsyncStorage under @mindwtr_cloud_token and @mindwtr_webdav_password. A party with access to the application database or an exposed device backup can recover these credentials and use them to access the user's synchronized tasks and attachments. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.5.

Vikunja: Plaintext storage of password-reset/email-confirm tokens in database enables account takeover on DB read access

Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform. Versions prior to 2.4.0 store password-reset, email-confirmation, and account-deletion tokens in the `user_tokens` table in plaintext. If an attacker gains read access to the database through a backup leak, misconfigured storage, or SQL-level exposure, they can immediately use pending tokens to take over user accounts without knowing passwords. Version 2.4.0 fixes the issue.

mcp-remote 0.8.0 through 0.14.3 Cleartext Credential Transmission via --device-code OAuth Grant

mcp-remote 0.8.0 through 0.14.3 contains a cleartext transmission vulnerability in authorizeWithDeviceCode that sends client secrets and receives tokens without enforcing HTTPS endpoints. When discovered device authorization and token endpoints are non-loopback http URLs, on-path network attackers can capture the client secret plus issued access and refresh tokens.

Telegram-Stremio 5.1.0 Insecure Session Storage via encode_string

Telegram-Stremio through 5.1.0 contains an insecure storage vulnerability that allows attackers with access to the MongoDB database, backups, or logs to recover the operator's authenticated Telegram session string, which is protected only by a keyless, reversible encoding transform rather than actual encryption. Attackers can round-trip the stored value through the repository's own decode_string function with no secret key to obtain a fully authenticated Telegram session, granting complete control of the operator's Telegram account even when two-step verification is enabled.

IBM Aspera Enterprise Webapps Information Disclosure

IBM Aspera Enterprise WebApps 1.0.0 through 1.0.6 could allow a local attacker to obtain sensitive information due to cleartext transmission of sensitive information.

Joyland AI enables HTTP

Joyland AI app explicitly permits cleartext HTTP traffic on Android 9+ where the default is to block it.

AsyncHttpClient: Replay to a different host sends the original host request and credentials to the new host

The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.13 and 2.16.1, cross-host request replay updates the current request but leaves the target request and related proxy context pointing at the original origin. Connection-pool selection, CONNECT handling, realm selection, and TLS setup can consequently send the original host's path, Host header, Authorization credentials, or plaintext request to the replay destination. Documented ResponseFilter failover and retry paths can trigger the replay. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.13 and 2.16.1.

AsyncHttpClient: Digest challenge without a usable nonce downgrades to Basic and sends the password in cleartext

The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.13 and 2.16.1, Realm.Builder treats a Digest challenge that yields no usable nonce as a Basic challenge. A malicious origin or proxy can label a challenge Digest while omitting or emptying the nonce, causing the client to resend the username and password using reversible Basic authentication. Both origin and proxy challenge parsers are affected. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.13 and 2.16.1.

Keycloak: exposure of sensitive information in pushed authorization requests (par) kc_restart cookie

A flaw was found in Keycloak in OAuth 2.0 Pushed Authorization Requests (PAR). Client-provided parameters were found to be included in plain text in the KC_RESTART cookie returned by the authorization server's HTTP response to a `request_uri` authorization request, possibly leading to an information disclosure vulnerability.

Mechanize sends credential headers to a different scheme or port after a redirect

The Mechanize library is used for automating interaction with websites. Prior to 2.14.1, Mechanize::HTTP::Agent#response_redirect treats redirects as same-origin when the host matches without consistently comparing scheme and port. A same-host HTTPS-to-HTTP redirect can send Authorization and Cookie headers over cleartext, while a same-host redirect to another port can send a caller-supplied Cookie header to a different service. Cookies in Mechanize#cookie_jar remain scoped separately; the issue affects caller-supplied headers and can disclose credentials without affecting integrity or availability. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.1.

Plaintext Storage of a Device-Specific Private Key in Tapo S505 Firmware

Affected Tapo device firmware stores device-specific cryptographic material in plaintext within nonvolatile storage. An attacker with physical access to an affected device can recover this sensitive material from the firmware.  Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in the disclosure of device-specific cryptographic material and could, under certain conditions, increase the risk of unauthorized access to related protected information or communications.

Plaintext Storage Enables Local Code Execution on Mercusys AC12 V2 Router

An issue in Mercusys AC12 V2 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the storage of information in plaintext

AsyncHttpClient: Origin credentials sent in cleartext to a proxy that rejects the CONNECT

The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.12 on 3.x and 2.16.1 on 2.x, the client infers that an HTTP proxy tunnel exists from the last request method rather than the CONNECT result. After a proxy rejects CONNECT, redirect or authentication handlers can write an origin request and its Authorization credentials onto the still-plaintext proxy connection. Basic credentials can be recovered directly, while NTLM responses may be cracked or relayed. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.12 and 2.16.1.

AsyncHttpClient: WebSocket proxy credentials sent to the origin server over a CONNECT tunnel

The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.12 and 2.16.1, a proxied ws request is carried through CONNECT, but NettyRequestFactory.newNettyRequest and requestUri decide whether to attach proxy authentication and an absolute-form target only from whether the URI is secure. Because ws is not marked secure, the tunneled WebSocket upgrade sent to the origin includes the proxy's Proxy-Authorization value. Basic credentials are directly recoverable and Digest responses can be replayed or cracked offline. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.12 and 2.16.1.

RSA BSAFE Crypto-J versions prior to 6.2.5 are vulnerable to an Information Exposure Through Timing Discrepancy vulnerabilities during DSA key generation. A malicious remote attacker could potentially exploit those vulnerabilities to recover DSA keys.