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CVE-2026-54890

BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding

Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c. The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type "binary"). The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings). Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011). This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 27.3.4.15, OTP 28.5.0.4, and OTP 29.0.4, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 15.2.7.11, 16.4.0.4, and 17.0.4.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.2 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Erlang
Products
Erlang/otp Erlang\/otp Erts and 1 more
CVE-2026-55737

Heap pointer corruption via signed/unsigned mismatch in LARGE_TUPLE_EXT decoding in erts external term format decoder

Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error and Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts allows an attacker who can supply a crafted Erlang external term format (ETF) binary to binary_to_term/1 to corrupt the BEAM heap pointer and crash the virtual machine. When decoding a LARGE_TUPLE_EXT term, the validation pass decoded_size() in erts/emulator/beam/external.c reads the 32-bit arity field as unsigned (get_uint32()), while the decode pass dec_term() reads the same field as a signed 32-bit integer (get_int32()) into an int. An arity wire value of 0x80000000 passes validation as 2147483648 but decodes as -2147483648, so the subsequent hp += n moves the heap allocation pointer backward. Neither pass enforces the runtime tuple-arity limit MAX_ARITYVAL. The result is an out-of-bounds heap write; in practice the VM detects an impossible heap size and aborts, denying service. The required padding is large when uncompressed but the compressed-ETF envelope shrinks it to a small payload on the wire. This issue affects OTP from OTP 25.0 before OTP 27.3.4.15, OTP 28.5.0.4, and OTP 29.0.4, corresponding to erts from 13.0 before 15.2.7.11, 16.4.0.4, and 17.0.4.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.1 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Erlang
Products
Erlang/otp Erlang\/otp Erts
CVE-2026-123378

Microsoft Office Outlook Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Integer overflow or wraparound in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Microsoft
Products
365 Apps Office 2021 Office 2024
CVE-2026-123377

Microsoft Office Outlook Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Microsoft
Products
365 Apps Office 2021 Office 2024
CVE-2026-123375

Microsoft Office Outlook Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Microsoft
Products
365 Apps Office 2021 Office 2024
CVE-2026-124001

ION-DTN 2.2.1b-4.2.0 Integer Overflow Heap Corruption via DGR

NASA JPL ION-DTN 2.2.1b through 4.2.0 contains an integer overflow vulnerability in the Datagram Retransmission (DGR) convergence layer that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory by sending a maliciously crafted 64-bit svcDataLength value that wraps a 32-bit allocation size calculation. Attackers can exploit the dgr_receive API's unchecked memcpy operation using synthetic datagrams or DGR traffic over internal IPC or custom transports to trigger an out-of-bounds write, leading to denial of service or potential remote code execution.

CVSS 4.0 · 9.2 Critical EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Nasajpl
Products
Iondtn
CVE-2026-86566

Dpdk: dpdk: guest with runt rx descriptors underflows copy length in vhost enqueue (split and packed rings)

A flaw was found in DPDK lib/vhost. A guest with runt RX descriptors can underflow the copy length in vhost enqueue, causing a denial of service in a shared vhost backend such as OVS-DPDK.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Dpdk Red Hat Redhat
Products
Dpdk Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux and 3 more