Unsafe Reflection in Mongoid::Criteria.from_hash

Under specific conditions when processing a maliciously crafted value of type Hash r, Mongoid::Criteria.from_hash may allow for executing arbitrary Ruby code.

Heap Out-of-Bounds Read in Go Driver GSSAPI C Wrappers enables application crash or information leak

The mongo-go-driver repository contains CGo bindings for GSSAPI (Kerberos) authentication on Linux and macOS. The C wrapper implementation contains a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability due to incorrect assumptions about string termination in the GSSAPI standard. Since GSSAPI buffers are not guaranteed to be null-terminated or have extra padding, this results in reading one byte past the allocated heap buffer.

FrankenPHP affected by Path Confusion via Unicode casing in CGI path splitting allows execution of arbitrary files

FrankenPHP is a modern application server for PHP. Prior to 1.11.2, FrankenPHP’s CGI path splitting logic improperly handles Unicode characters during case conversion. The logic computes the split index (for finding .php) on a lowercased copy of the request path but applies that byte index to the original path. Because strings.ToLower() in Go can increase the byte length of certain UTF-8 characters (e.g., Ⱥ expands when lowercased), the computed index may not align with the correct position in the original string. This results in an incorrect SCRIPT_NAME and SCRIPT_FILENAME, potentially causing FrankenPHP to execute a file other than the one intended by the URI. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.11.2.

xlnt-community xlnt Encrypted XLSX File base64.cpp decode_base64 off-by-one

A weakness has been identified in xlnt-community xlnt up to 1.6.1. Impacted is the function xlnt::detail::decode_base64 of the file source/detail/cryptography/base64.cpp of the component Encrypted XLSX File Parser. Executing a manipulation can lead to off-by-one. The attack requires local access. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This patch is called f2d7bf494e5c52706843cf7eb9892821bffb0734. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.

Beszel has an IDOR in hub API endpoints that read system ID from URL parameter

Beszel is a server monitoring platform. Prior to 0.18.7, some API endpoints in the Beszel hub accept a user-supplied system ID and proceed without further checks that the user should have access to that system. As a result, any authenticated user can access these routes for any system if they know the system's ID. System IDs are random 15 character alphanumeric strings, and are not exposed to all users. However, it is theoretically possible for an authenticated user to enumerate a valid system ID via web API. To use the containers endpoints, the user would also need to enumerate a container ID, which is 12 digit hexadecimal string. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.18.7.

Rack: Local file inclusion in `Rack::Static` via URL Prefix Matching

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Static determines whether a request should be served as a static file using a simple string prefix check. When configured with URL prefixes such as "/css", it matches any request path that begins with that string, including unrelated paths such as "/css-config.env" or "/css-backup.sql". As a result, files under the static root whose names merely share the configured prefix may be served unintentionally, leading to information disclosure. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.

Rack: Rack::Static header_rules bypass via URL-encoded paths

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Static#applicable_rules evaluates several header_rules types against the raw URL-encoded PATH_INFO, while the underlying file-serving path is decoded before the file is served. As a result, a request for a URL-encoded variant of a static path can serve the same file without the headers that header_rules were intended to apply. In deployments that rely on Rack::Static to attach security-relevant response headers to static content, this can allow an attacker to bypass those headers by requesting an encoded form of the path. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.

Caddy: Unicode case-folding length expansion causes incorrect split_path index (SCRIPT_NAME/PATH_INFO confusion) in FastCGI transport

Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to version 2.11.1, Caddy's FastCGI path splitting logic computes the split index on a lowercased copy of the request path and then uses that byte index to slice the original path. This is unsafe for Unicode because `strings.ToLower()` can change UTF-8 byte length for some characters. As a result, Caddy can derive an incorrect `SCRIPT_NAME`/`SCRIPT_FILENAME` and `PATH_INFO`, potentially causing a request that contains `.php` to execute a different on-disk file than intended (path confusion). In setups where an attacker can control file contents (e.g., upload features), this can lead to unintended PHP execution of non-.php files (potential RCE depending on deployment). Version 2.11.1 fixes the issue.

Craft has a Twig Function Blocklist Bypass

Craft is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.9.0-beta.1 and 4.17.0-beta.1, Craft CMS implements a blocklist to prevent potentially dangerous PHP functions from being called via Twig non-Closure arrow functions. In order to be able to successfully execute this attack, you need to either have allowAdminChanges enabled on production, or a compromised admin account, or an account with access to the System Messages utility. Several PHP functions are not included in the blocklist, which could allow malicious actors with the required permissions to execute various types of payloads, including RCEs, arbitrary file reads, SSRFs, and SSTIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.9.0-beta.1 and 4.17.0-beta.1.

Fastify's Missing End Anchor in "subtypeNameReg" Allows Malformed Content-Types to Pass Validation

Fastify incorrectly accepts malformed `Content-Type` headers containing trailing characters after the subtype token, in violation of RFC 9110 §8.3.1(https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#field.content-type). For example, a request sent with Content-Type: application/json garbage passes validation and is processed normally, rather than being rejected with 415 Unsupported Media Type. When regex-based content-type parsers are in use (a documented Fastify feature), the malformed value is matched against registered parsers using the full string including the trailing garbage. This means a request with an invalid content-type may be routed to and processed by a parser it should never have reached. Impact: An attacker can send requests with RFC-invalid Content-Type headers that bypass validity checks, reach content-type parser matching, and be processed by the server. Requests that should be rejected at the validation stage are instead handled as if the content-type were valid. Workarounds: Deploy a WAF rule to protect against this Fix: The fix is available starting with v5.8.1.

member2.php in vBulletin 2.2.9 and earlier does not properly restrict the $perpage variable to be an integer, which causes an error message to be reflected back to the user without quoting, which facilitates cross-site scripting (XSS) and possibly other attacks.

Integer overflow in Apple Quicktime before 7.0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a TIFF image file with modified (1) "strips" (StripByteCounts) or (2) "bands" (StripOffsets) values.

ftpd in NetBSD 1.5 through 1.5.3 and 1.6 does not properly quote a digit in response to a STAT command for a filename that contains a carriage return followed by a digit, which can cause firewalls and other intermediary devices to lose proper track of the FTP session.

The parse-get function in utils.c for apt-www-proxy 0.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via an empty HTTP request, which causes a null dereference.

Off-by-one buffer overflow in NEC SOCKS5 1.0 r11 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via a long hostname.

Direct connect text client (DCTC) client 0.83.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a string ending with a NULL byte character.

Signed integer vulnerability in libnasl in Nessus before 2.0.6 allows local users with plugin upload privileges to cause a denial of service (core dump) and possibly execute arbitrary code by causing a negative argument to be provided to the insstr function as used in a NASL script.

Integer overflow in Apple Quicktime before 7.0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a TIFF image file with modified image height and width (ImageWidth) tags.

Integer underflow in Apple Quicktime before 7.0.4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via the Color Map Entry Size in a TGA image file.

security flaw

The IAPP dissector (packet-iapp.c) for Ethereal 0.9.1 to 0.10.9 does not properly use certain routines for formatting strings, which could leave it vulnerable to buffer overflows, as demonstrated using modified length values that are not properly handled by the dissect_pdus and pduval_to_str functions.