libxml2: billion laughs DoS attack

libxml2, possibly before 2.5.0, does not properly detect recursion during entity expansion, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) via a crafted XML document containing a large number of nested entity references, aka the "billion laughs attack."

XML External Entity Injection vulnerability in Quantum DXi6702 2.3.0.3 (11449-53631 Build304) devices via rest/Users?action=authenticate.

Pre-authenticated XXE injection

Toshiba printers use XML communication for the API endpoint provided by the printer. For the endpoint, XML parsing library is used and it is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability. An attacker can DoS the printers. An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.

Pre-authenticated Time-Based Blind XXE injection

Toshiba printers use XML communication for the API endpoint provided by the printer. For the endpoint, XML parsing library is used and it is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability. An attacker can DoS the printers by sending a HTTP request without authentication. An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.

Denial-of-service in the XML component

Denial-of-service in the XML component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149 and Thunderbird 149.

fast-xml-parser affected by numeric entity expansion bypassing all entity expansion limits (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-26278)

fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. Versions 4.0.0-beta.3 through 5.5.5 contain a bypass vulnerability where numeric character references (&#NNN;, &#xHH;) and standard XML entities completely evade the entity expansion limits (e.g., maxTotalExpansions, maxExpandedLength) added to fix CVE-2026-26278, enabling XML entity expansion Denial of Service. The root cause is that replaceEntitiesValue() in OrderedObjParser.js only enforces expansion counting on DOCTYPE-defined entities while the lastEntities loop handling numeric/standard entities performs no counting at all. An attacker supplying 1M numeric entity references like A can force ~147MB of memory allocation and heavy CPU usage, potentially crashing the process—even when developers have configured strict limits. This issue has been fixed in version 5.5.6.

CairoSVG vulnerable to Exponential DoS via recursive <use> element amplification

CairoSVG is an SVG converter based on Cairo, a 2D graphics library. Prior to Kozea/CairoSVG has exponential denial of service via recursive <use> element amplification in cairosvg/defs.py. This causes CPU exhaustion from a small input.

Kubernetes API Server JSON/YAML parsing vulnerable to resource exhaustion attack

Improper input validation in the Kubernetes API server in versions v1.0-1.12 and versions prior to v1.13.12, v1.14.8, v1.15.5, and v1.16.2 allows authorized users to send malicious YAML or JSON payloads, causing the API server to consume excessive CPU or memory, potentially crashing and becoming unavailable. Prior to v1.14.0, default RBAC policy authorized anonymous users to submit requests that could trigger this vulnerability. Clusters upgraded from a version prior to v1.14.0 keep the more permissive policy by default for backwards compatibility.

REXML denial of service vulnerability

REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.6 has a DoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many deep elements that have same local name attributes. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs with tree parser API like REXML::Document.new, you may be impacted to this vulnerability. If you use other parser APIs such as stream parser API and SAX2 parser API, this vulnerability is not affected. The REXML gem 3.3.6 or later include the patch to fix the vulnerability.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) External Entity Injection (XXE) through Dashboard label field on Splunk Enterprise

In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.4, 9.3.6, and 9.2.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2411.108, 9.3.2408.118 and 9.2.2406.123, a low privilege user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform an extensible markup language (XML) external entity (XXE) injection through the dashboard tab label field. The XXE injection has the potential to cause denial of service (DoS) attacks.

XEE in Ivanti Connect Secure before 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA Gateway before 22.8R2.3-723 and Ivanti Neurons for Secure Access before 22.8R1.4 (Fix deployed on 02-Aug-2025) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to trigger a denial of service

c3p0: loading XML configuration leads to denial of service

c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.

XML Entity Expansion vulnerability in run-llama/llama_index

An XML Entity Expansion vulnerability, also known as a 'billion laughs' attack, exists in the sitemap parser of the run-llama/llama_index repository, specifically affecting version v0.12.21. This vulnerability allows an attacker to supply a malicious Sitemap XML, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting system memory and potentially causing a system crash. The issue is resolved in version v0.12.29.

Billion Laughs Attack leading to DoS in langchain-ai/langchain

A vulnerability in the langchain-ai/langchain repository allows for a Billion Laughs Attack, a type of XML External Entity (XXE) exploitation. By nesting multiple layers of entities within an XML document, an attacker can cause the XML parser to consume excessive CPU and memory resources, leading to a denial of service (DoS).

Dell Hybrid Client below 1.8 version contains a Zip Bomb Vulnerability in UI. A guest privilege attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to system files modification.

In Linaro Automated Validation Architecture (LAVA) before 2022.11, users with valid credentials can submit crafted XMLRPC requests that cause a recursive XML entity expansion, leading to excessive use of memory on the server and a Denial of Service.

Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference in Excel-Streaming-Reader

Excel-Streaming-Reader is an easy-to-use implementation of a streaming Excel reader using Apache POI. Prior to xlsx-streamer 2.1.0, the XML parser that was used did apply all the necessary settings to prevent XML Entity Expansion issues. Upgrade to version 2.1.0 to receive a patch. There is no known workaround.

qt: stack overflow in QXmlSimpleReader

Stack-based buffer overflow in QXmlSimpleReader in Qt 4.8.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a xml file with multiple nested open tags.

python-pysaml2: Entity expansion issue

XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in PySAML2 4.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a crafted SAML XML request or response.

subversion: unrestricted XML entity expansion in mod_dontdothat and Subversion clients using http(s)://

Apache Subversion's mod_dontdothat module and HTTP clients 1.4.0 through 1.8.16, and 1.9.0 through 1.9.4 are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack caused by exponential XML entity expansion. The attack can cause the targeted process to consume an excessive amount of CPU resources or memory.