CVE-2026-96640

Pillow PDF append accepts malformed shared page-tree DAG causing resource exhaustion

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.1.0 until 13.0.0, PdfParser.linearize_page_tree() in src/PIL/PdfParser.py treats a PDF /Pages graph as a tree without tracking duplicate indirect references. When Image.save(..., format="PDF", append=True) processes an attacker-controlled existing PDF whose /Kids arrays repeatedly reference the same child /Pages node, Pillow expands the shared subtree as distinct pages. A compact malformed PDF can therefore create exponentially many page references and consume disproportionate CPU before the append completes. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.2 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Python Python-pillow

Products

Pillow Pillow

CVE-2026-114143

toml-node: Quadratic-complexity DoS via long dotted keys or table paths in toml.parse()

toml-node is a TOML parser for Node.js and the browser. Prior to 5.0.1, toml.parse() repeatedly slices and rejoins every path prefix in lib/compiler.js while processing long dotted keys, table headers, array-of-tables headers, and inline-table keys in assign(), deepRef(), and setNestedKey(). The resulting quadratic work can block the Node.js event loop for several seconds, and sufficiently long paths can terminate the process through memory exhaustion. The maxDepth option does not limit key-segment count and therefore does not mitigate this path. This issue is fixed in version 5.0.1.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Binarymuse

Products

Toml-node

CVE-2026-112401

Pillow: Quadratic GIF comment concatenation allows DoS in Image.open()

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.4.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow performs quadratic copying while parsing GIF comments. GifImageFile._seek() repeatedly appends immutable bytes for comment sub-blocks and multiple comment extensions, and frame zero is parsed during Image.open(). An attacker can submit a small-dimension GIF containing many comment extensions to any application that opens the file. This can consume excessive CPU and deny service before the application can inspect the image. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Python Python-pillow

Products

Pillow Pillow

CVE-2026-112400

Pillow: GIF seek keeps rejected size after DecompressionBombError, allowing DoS

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 9.2.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow can retain a rejected GIF frame size after a decompression-bomb exception. In GifImageFile._seek, a crafted GIF can leave rejected dimensions stored after Image.DecompressionBombError; if an application catches that exception and continues processing the same image object, later seek or load operations allocate according to those dimensions and can exhaust memory, denying service. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Python Python-pillow

Products

Pillow Pillow

CVE-2026-63568

Unbounded CMP/CRMF password-based MAC iteration count allows CPU exhaustion

Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in the CMP/CRMF password-based MAC verifier (PKMacBuilder) in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. bc-csharp before 2.7.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service through CPU exhaustion via a CMP message or CRMF certificate request whose PBMParameter declares a very large iteration count, because PKMacBuilder enforced its iteration-count ceiling only when the caller had supplied an explicit maximum through the PKMacBuilder(IPKMacPrimitivesProvider, int) constructor. With any other constructor, ProtectedPkiMessage.Verify and CertificateRequestMessage.IsValidSigningKeyPop performed as many hash iterations as the sender requested, up to about 2^31, before the MAC could be checked.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Bouncycastle Legion Of The Bouncy Castle Inc.

Products

Bc-csharp Bc-csharp

CVE-2026-116587

Go JOSE: DoS when parsing JWKs that contain RSA keys

Go JOSE provides an implementation of the Javascript Object Signing and Encryption set of standards in Go, including support for JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Signature (JWS), and JSON Web Token (JWT) standards. Prior to 4.1.6, go-jose parses attacker-controlled RSA modulus and prime values from JWKs without enforcing size and consistency bounds before passing them to crypto/rsa.PrivateKey.Validate. On Go 1.24 and later, crafted large or degenerate RSA parameters can make that validation consume cubic CPU time, allowing remote denial of service in applications that parse JWKs from untrusted sources. This issue is fixed in version 4.1.6.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Go-jose

Products

Go-jose

CVE-2026-116579

Autobahn Python: permessage-brotli inflates a whole frame before maxMessagePayloadSize is checked (incomplete fix of GHSA-hxp9-w8x3-p566)

Autobahn Python is a WebSocket and WAMP implementation for Python that supports Twisted and asyncio. From 26.7.1 until 26.10.1, PerMessageBrotli.decompress_message_data in compress_brotli.py calls the Brotli decompressor without an output limit and checks maxMessagePayloadSize only after a complete frame has been inflated. An unauthenticated WebSocket client can send a small, highly compressed frame that allocates hundreds of MiB before rejection, causing memory-exhaustion denial of service on servers that enable the opt-in permessage-brotli feature through the compress extra. Deflate and bzip2 already enforce the remaining output budget and are outside this residual vulnerability. This issue is fixed in version 26.10.1.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Crossbario

Products

Autobahn-python

CVE-2026-115927

Tornado: Event loop blocking and excess memory use from chunked bodies with many small chunks

Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Prior to 6.6.0, Tornado decodes HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding by processing body data that has already arrived without yielding to the event loop. A remote unauthenticated peer can send millions of one-byte chunks to monopolize the process event loop and stall every other connection served by that process, while lowering max_body_size only limits the duration of each request. For handlers that do not use @stream_request_body, retaining each chunk as a separate object can consume roughly twenty times the received body size, and SimpleAsyncHTTPClient has the same event-loop behavior when reading a response from a malicious server. This issue is fixed in version 6.6.0.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Tornadoweb

Products

Tornado

CVE-2026-112891

Pillow: Quadratic GIF comment copying during save

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 9.2.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow performs quadratic copying when saving a GIF with a long comment. _get_global_header() repeatedly copies portions of comment data while assembling the global header, including comments retained from an untrusted input image. An attacker can supply an image with a large GIF comment to an application that saves it as GIF. This can consume excessive CPU and delay or deny service. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Python Python-pillow

Products

Pillow Pillow

CVE-2026-112894

Pillow: Quadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.1.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow takes quadratic time to reserve PDF object identifiers when saving many frames with save_all enabled. PdfParser.next_object_id() repeatedly rebuilds and scans all previously reserved identifiers for every object. An attacker can supply a multi-frame image, including a small APNG with a large declared frame count, to an application that converts it to a multipage PDF. This can consume excessive CPU and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Python Python-pillow

Products

Pillow Pillow

CVE-2026-113729

Moov signedxml: Unauthenticated denial of service in exclusive XML canonicalization

Moov signedxml is a pure Go library for processing signed XML documents. Prior to 1.4.1, ExclusiveCanonicalization in exclusivecanonicalization.go copies the complete accumulated namespace map at every nested element before reference digest or signature checks. Attacker-controlled XML containing deeply nested elements with many unused namespace declarations causes quadratic allocation growth with depth and linear growth with prefixes per level, allowing a comparatively small document to consume multiple gigabytes of memory and terminate the process. The condition is reachable through ValidateReferences without a valid signature, matching certificate, or prior authentication, and it does not bypass signature verification. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

—

Products

—

CVE-2026-98900

xen/gntalloc: validate grant count before allocation

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xen/gntalloc: validate grant count before allocation gntalloc_ioctl_alloc() allocates the grant-id array before checking whether the requested count fits within the global grant limit. Counts above that limit cannot succeed, so reject them before the user-controlled allocation reaches kcalloc(). Use a subtraction-based check while holding gref_mutex so adding the requested count cannot wrap. Also cast the count before advancing the per-file index so the page-size multiplication is performed in 64-bit arithmetic.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Linux

Products

Linux Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-54086

SLE API for Java: Uncontrolled Memory Allocation / handled exception leading to Denial of Service

SLE API for Java is an implementation of CCSDS Space Link Extension Services. Prior to 5.1.7, the ISP1 PDU handling path decodes an attacker-controlled body length and allocates a byte array without an upper bound, while malformed or truncated input can also terminate reads unexpectedly, allowing an unauthenticated client of the SLE listening service to trigger exceptions, resource leakage, and denial of service. This issue is fixed in version 5.1.7.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Esa

Products

Sleapi-j

CVE-2026-110262

OW2 ASM 3.1 before 9.11 Excessive Memory Allocation in AdviceAdapter

OW2 ASM 3.1 before 9.11 contains an excessive memory allocation vulnerability in the asm-commons AdviceAdapter that allows attackers to exhaust memory by supplying crafted class files. Attackers can craft bytecode with many forward jump targets in constructors, causing unbounded stack copies in forwardJumpStackFrames and allocation of hundreds of megabytes, leading to denial of service.

CVSS 4.0 · 4.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Ow2

Products

Asm

CVE-2026-110263

OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 Uncontrolled Recursion in SignatureReader

OW2 ASM 3.0 before 9.11 contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in SignatureReader.parseType() that allows attackers to exhaust the stack via deeply nested generic type signatures. Attackers can supply a crafted class file with a long Signature attribute containing many nested type arguments to trigger a StackOverflowError during class transformation, causing denial of service.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Ow2

Products

Asm

CVE-2026-34517

AIOHTTP: Late size enforcement for non-file multipart fields causes memory DoS

AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.13.4, for some multipart form fields, aiohttp read the entire field into memory before checking client_max_size. This issue has been patched in version 3.13.4.

CVSS 4.0 · 2.7 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Aio-libs Aiohttp

Products

Aiohttp Aiohttp

CVE-2026-116144

ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 Stack Overflow via MVG Decoder

ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains uncontrolled recursion in the MVG decoder that can lead to a stack overflow. Attackers can supply a crafted MVG file that, when read with specific arguments, exhausts the stack and crashes the process, causing a denial of service.

CVSS 4.0 · 4.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Imagemagick

Products

Imagemagick

CVE-2026-115381

Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 Unbounded Host Memory Allocation via SinkOutputStream write-zeroes

Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 contains an unbounded memory allocation in the wasmtime-wasi WASIp2 write-zeroes method of SinkOutputStream, the default stream used when stdout/stderr are not configured. A malicious WebAssembly guest can request huge zero-filled writes, exhausting host memory and causing denial of service.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Bytecodealliance

Products

Wasmtime

CVE-2026-115380

Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 Fuel Limit Bypass DoS via WASI Preview 0 poll_oneoff

Wasmtime before 36.0.17, 37.0.0 before 48.0.4, and 49.0.0 before 49.0.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the wasmtime-wasi WASI preview 0 poll_oneoff adapter, which performs O(n) host work per subscription without consuming or checking fuel. Malicious guest modules can pass many subscriptions to force long-running host computation that ignores configured fuel limits.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.1 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Bytecodealliance

Products

Wasmtime

CVE-2026-105626

Consul vulnerable to a denial of service in HTTP APIs

HashiCorp Consul and Consul Enterprise are vulnerable to a denial of service in the HTTP API that may allow an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust memory on a Consul agent. This vulnerability (CVE-2026-105626) is fixed in Consul Community Edition 2.1.0 and Consul Enterprise 2.1.0 and 1.21.19.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Hashicorp

Products

Consul Consul Enterprise