Remote Privilege Escalation via Cellular Modem Permission Bypass on Android

In Cellular Modem, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Local Privilege Escalation via Logic Error in Android ARM SMMU v3 Driver

In smmu_install_nested_ste of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Android GPU Permission Bypass Enables Local Privilege Escalation

In GPU, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

In multiple functions of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Logic Error in ARM SMMU Driver Allows Local Privilege Escalation

In multiple functions of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

SUNRPC: check rpc_sockaddr2uaddr() return value in rpcb_register_inet4/6

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: SUNRPC: check rpc_sockaddr2uaddr() return value in rpcb_register_inet4/6 rpcb_register_inet4() and rpcb_register_inet6() store the result of rpc_sockaddr2uaddr() into map->r_addr without checking it for NULL. rpc_sockaddr2uaddr() returns NULL when its final kstrdup() fails, and the unchecked NULL is then carried into the synchronous RPCBPROC_SET encode path: rpcb_register_call() -> rpc_call_sync() -> rpcb_enc_getaddr() -> encode_rpcb_string(), whose first statement is strlen(string), dereferencing NULL and oopsing the kernel. The crash reproduces under failslab on v6.12; with KASAN the NULL dereference surfaces as a fault on the shadow of address zero: Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN RIP: 0010:strlen (lib/string.c:409) Call Trace: encode_rpcb_string (net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c:890) rpcb_enc_getaddr (net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c:910) rpcauth_wrap_req_encode (net/sunrpc/auth.c:745) call_encode (net/sunrpc/clnt.c:1966) __rpc_execute (net/sunrpc/sched.c:952) rpc_run_task (net/sunrpc/clnt.c:1243) rpc_call_sync (net/sunrpc/clnt.c:1272) rpcb_v4_register (net/sunrpc/rpcb_clnt.c:500) svc_generic_rpcbind_set nfsd_rpcbind_set svc_register svc_setup_socket svc_addsock write_ports nfsctl_transaction_write vfs_write The crash is reachable when an in-kernel RPC service (nfsd, lockd, nfs-callback) registers with the local rpcbind under enough memory pressure for the small GFP_KERNEL kstrdup() in rpc_sockaddr2uaddr() to fail. The asynchronous getport path already handles this exact failure mode by returning -ENOMEM; only the two register helpers omit the check. Mirror that handling: bail out with -ENOMEM when rpc_sockaddr2uaddr() returns NULL, before the address is fed into the encoder.

Cisco Secure Adaptive Security Appliance Software, Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software and Secure Firewall Management Center Software Hardening Release - Protection Mechanism Failure Vulnerabilities

As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco Secure Adaptive Security Appliance Software, Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center Software engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in a software hardening release that addresses multiple internally discovered vulnerabilities.   The vulnerabilities tracked by CVE-2026-20331 are related to the failure of protection mechanisms issues that are grouped under the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) Pillar CWE-693.

vm2 before 3.12.1 Sandbox Escape via Promise Symbol.species

vm2 (npm) versions 3.12.0 and earlier contain a sandbox escape in `VM` and `NodeVM`. When an embedder exposes a host API that returns a host-realm Promise, the bridge's rejection sanitizer (hostPromiseSanitizeReject / makeSanitizedPromiseCallback / normalizeHostPromiseCallbacks in lib/bridge.js) only wraps `then`/`catch` rejection slots that hold a function, and the sandbox-side `Symbol.species`/`.then` neutralization is installed only on the sandbox intrinsic `Promise.prototype`, so it never applies to a host Promise. Code running inside the sandbox can overwrite `p.constructor[Symbol.species]` on the host Promise and then call `p.then()` with no `onRejected` handler; V8 substitutes its internal Thrower, which re-throws the raw host rejection value into a resolve/reject closure captured by the attacker. This delivers an unsanitized, fully functional bridge proxy of the host object to sandboxed code, bypassing handleException and hostPromiseSanitizeReject. If the rejection value is host-pivotable (for example a host `process` object), this results in arbitrary code execution on the host. Fixed in 3.12.1.

iio: dac: ad5686: missing NULL check on match data

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iio: dac: ad5686: missing NULL check on match data Verify that chip_info pointer is not NULL. If a user binds the driver using driver_override via sysfs with a device name not present in the id_table or of_match_table, match data will be NULL.

hwrng: xilinx-trng - propagate timeout before any data is read

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwrng: xilinx-trng - propagate timeout before any data is read xtrng_readblock32() polls for 16-byte chunks but returns the number of bytes read even when the first poll times out. Its caller then treats a zero return as a short successful read, and partial reads for full 32-byte blocks can make the tail copy use a fixed block offset rather than the amount already produced. Return the poll error when no data has been read, preserve partial positive returns after some data is available, stop the generator on all collection exits, and append tail bytes at the current output count.

vm2 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 Sandbox Escape via Promise Protector

vm2 versions 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape vulnerability on Node.js 26 where Promise.prototype.finally() bypasses vm2's wrapper protections due to a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector in V8 14.6. Attackers can exploit this by creating an async function that returns a Promise with an attacker-controlled constructor Symbol.species, allowing them to reach the host Function constructor and process object for arbitrary code execution.

vm2 3.11.3 through 3.11.6 Remote Code Execution via node:sqlite

vm2 versions 3.11.3 through 3.11.6 expose Node.js's host node:sqlite module to code running in NodeVM when that builtin is permitted, either explicitly or through builtin: ['*']. The module is wrapped with vm.readonly(), which prevents property assignment but leaves host-authority callables reachable; in addition, the resolver treats any request starting with 'node:' as a core-module request and the runtime strips only one 'node:' prefix, so a sandbox request for 'node:node:sqlite' resolves to the configured node:sqlite entry. Sandboxed code can therefore create an in-memory DatabaseSync with extension loading enabled and call DatabaseSync.loadExtension() on a native library bundled in the untrusted plugin package (path derived from __dirname). SQLite loads the library into the Node.js host process and invokes its native entry point, giving the sandboxed plugin arbitrary native code execution outside the sandbox with the host process's privileges. The issue is fixed in vm2 3.11.7.

vm2 3.9.6 through 3.11.5 Sandbox Escape via node:test

vm2 versions >= 3.9.6 and <= 3.11.6 are affected by a NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass that permits a sandbox escape on Node.js 24 and newer when the embedder explicitly allows the node:test builtin (e.g. require: { builtin: ['node:test'] }). On Node.js 24+, module.builtinModules exposes the scheme-only key node:test, which is not covered by vm2's family-based DANGEROUS_BUILTINS protection, so it is stored in the generic host-passthrough loader. Because requireImpl() in lib/setup-node-sandbox.js strips a single 'node:' prefix before the builtin lookup, sandbox code calling require('node:node:test') resolves to the stored node:test key and receives a readonly proxy to the host module. Calls to node:test.run() are forwarded to the host implementation, which spawns a separate Node process for process-isolated test execution and passes through attacker-controlled execArgv values; supplying --eval=<JavaScript> therefore executes arbitrary JavaScript in an unrestricted host Node process outside the NodeVM sandbox. Fixed in vm2 3.11.7.

Algernon: Server-side script source disclosure on Windows via NTFS filename

Algernon is a small self-contained pure-Go web server. Prior to 1.17.9, Algernon on Windows selects a file handler in engine/handlers.go by calling filepath.Ext() without first rejecting NTFS-equivalent names such as x.lua::$DATA, x.lua., and x.lua . An unauthenticated client can append one of these suffixes to a public server-side script using the .lua, .tl, .po2, .amber, or .frm extension. The request path passes through URL2filename in utils/files.go, skips the renderer and execution cases, and reaches FilePage, os.Open, ReadAndLogErrors, and ToClient, while NTFS resolves the alias to the underlying script. The server consequently returns raw script source and can expose database credentials, API keys, and the SetCookieSecret value, which may permit forged session cookies. Linux and macOS hosts are not affected by this issue. This issue is fixed in version 1.17.9.

CMAK through 3.0.0.6 Feature Gate Bypass via HTML Form Routes

CMAK through 3.0.0.6 fails to apply the scheduled leader election feature toggle to HTML form routes, allowing attackers to bypass the feature gate. Attackers can access the form endpoints to start and stop the recurring election scheduler, disrupting leadership across managed Kafka clusters.

Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in Intel Transfer Learning Tool via Protection Mechanism Failure

Protection mechanism failure for some Intel(R) Transfer Learning Tool before version v0.7 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. Unprivileged software adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via network access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (low), integrity (low) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Netty has an IPv6 Subnet Filter Bypass via Incorrect Comparator Masking

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. In netty-handler prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, an attacker can bypass IPv6 subnet rules due to an incorrect masking operation in IpSubnetFilterRule.compareTo(). Valid public IP addresses can bypass the restrictions. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

Local Code Execution in SysReturn via EFI File

An issue in Howyar Technologies Inc SysReturn Versions prior to 11.3.034 and fixed in v.11.3.0.34 allows a local attcker to execute arbitrary code via the BOOTia32.efi and a crafted cloak32.dat file on the ESP.

vm2 3.10.1 through 3.11.6 Sandbox Escape via WebAssembly.compileStreaming

vm2 versions 3.10.1 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape reachable from a default `new VM()` sandbox when running on Node.js 26. WebAssembly.compileStreaming and WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming can produce a raw host-realm Promise that rejects with a host-realm error object; by controlling Symbol.species via Promise.prototype.finally, sandbox code receives that raw host error, walks from the host error constructor to the host Function constructor, and recovers the real host `process` object, gaining host Node.js capabilities (e.g. access to host modules such as fs) in the context of the process running the sandbox. No NodeVM, require permission, host object injection, or otherwise unsafe configuration is required. This is a bypass of the fix for GHSA-6j2x-vhqr-qr7q, which removed the JSPI entry points WebAssembly.promising and WebAssembly.Suspending. The issue is fixed in 3.11.7.

Protection mechanism failure in HttpsUpgrades in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker to bypass web origin policy via crafted network traffic. (Chromium security severity: Medium)