CVE-2026-55594

ImageMagick: Stack Overflow in MVG decoder due to missing depth check.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-51 and 7.1.2-26, a missing depth check in the MVG decoder will result in a stack overflow when a crafted image is provided. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-51 and 7.1.2-26.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Imagemagick

Products

Imagemagick

CVE-2026-56148

Uncontrolled Recursion in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service

Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) in Elasticsearch can lead to a denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130). An authenticated user can submit a specially crafted query that causes excessive resource consumption while the request is processed, which may render the affected node unavailable.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Elastic

Products

Elasticsearch

CVE-2026-49451

Microsoft.OpenAPI: Circular schema references may terminate OpenAPI parsing

The OpenAPI.NET SDK contains a useful object model for OpenAPI documents in .NET along with common serializers to extract raw OpenAPI JSON and YAML documents from the model. From 2.0.0-preview11 until 2.7.5 and 3.5.4, a small OpenAPI document containing a circular schema reference can cause process termination through stack overflow in Microsoft.OpenApi. The issue affects OpenAPI document parsing through public OpenAPI.NET reader APIs and has been confirmed across both JSON and YAML reader paths. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.5 and 3.5.4.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Microsoft

Products

Openapi.net

CVE-2026-54888

Uncontrolled recursion over deeply nested Markdown crashes the BEAM in mdex

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in leandrocp mdex allows denial of service via deeply nested Markdown input. mdex converts between an Elixir %MDEx.Document{} struct and Comrak's internal AST using two mutually recursive Rust functions, ex_document_to_comrak_ast and comrak_ast_to_ex_document, in the NIF source file document.rs. Neither function enforces a maximum nesting depth, so the recursion depth is bounded only by the structure of the input. An attacker who can get a Markdown document rendered (for example through MDEx.parse_document!/1 or MDEx.to_html/1) can supply a document with thousands of nested block quotes, which drives unbounded recursion across the NIF boundary and exhausts the native C stack. Because the resulting stack overflow is an uncatchable SIGSEGV raised inside a NIF, it cannot be contained by the Erlang runtime. It terminates the operating system process running the BEAM, killing every Elixir and Erlang process on the node, not just the caller that triggered the render. No authentication or special privileges are required. The vulnerable conversion code was extracted from mdex into the separate mdex_native package starting in mdex 0.12.3. This issue affects mdex from 0.3.0 before 0.12.3 and mdex_native from 0.1.0 before 0.2.3.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Leandrocp

Products

Mdex Mdex Native

CVE-2026-53288

arm64: Reserve an extra page for early kernel mapping

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: Reserve an extra page for early kernel mapping The final part of [data, end) segment may overflow into the next page of init_pg_end[1] which is the gap page before early_init_stack[2]: [1] crash_arm64_v9.0.1> vtop ffffffed00601000 VIRTUAL PHYSICAL ffffffed00601000 83401000 PAGE DIRECTORY: ffffffecffd62000 PGD: ffffffecffd62da0 => 10000000833fb003 PMD: ffffff80033fb018 => 10000000833fe003 PTE: ffffff80033fe008 => 68000083401f03 PAGE: 83401000 PTE PHYSICAL FLAGS 68000083401f03 83401000 (VALID|SHARED|AF|NG|PXN|UXN) PAGE PHYSICAL MAPPING INDEX CNT FLAGS fffffffec00d0040 83401000 0 0 1 4000 reserved [2] ffffffed002c8000 (r) __pi__data ffffffed0054e000 (d) __pi___bss_start ffffffed005f5000 (b) __pi_init_pg_dir ffffffed005fe000 (b) __pi_init_pg_end ffffffed005ff000 (B) early_init_stack ffffffed00608000 (b) __pi__end For 4K pages, the early kernel mapping may use 2MB block entries but the kernel segments are only 64KB aligned. Segment boundaries that fall within a 2MB block therefore require a PTE table so that different attributes can be applied on either side of the boundary. KERNEL_SEGMENT_COUNT still correctly counts the five permanent kernel VMAs registered by declare_kernel_vmas(). However, since commit 5973a62efa34 ("arm64: map [_text, _stext) virtual address range non-executable+read-only"), the early mapper also maps [_text, _stext) separately from [_stext, _etext). This adds one more early-only split and can require one more page-table page than the existing EARLY_SEGMENT_EXTRA_PAGES allowance reserves. Increase the 4K-page early mapping allowance by one page to cover that additional split. [catalin.marinas@arm.com: rewrote part of the commit log] [catalin.marinas@arm.com: expanded the code comment]

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Linux

Products

Linux Kernel

CVE-2026-47770

jq: stack overflow in deep structural equality

jq is a command-line JSON processor. Prior to 1.8.2, comparing two sufficiently deeply nested arrays with the == operator exhausts the C stack on jq's ordinary command-line surface, resulting in denial of service via stack exhaustion (uncontrolled recursion). The crash occurs in jq's recursive structural comparison code, with the recursion repeating through jvp_array_equal() and jv_equal() in src/jv.c when comparing deeply nested arrays; a nearby sort comparator path through jv_cmp() in src/jv_aux.c overflows the stack at a larger nesting depth from the same missing recursion guard. Anyone running jq comparisons on attacker-controlled deeply nested JSON values, or embedding jq in a context where untrusted data can reach the == comparison path, is affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.2.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Jqlang

Products

Jq

CVE-2026-54297

Faraday: Uncontrolled recursion in NestedParamsEncoder allows stack exhaustion DoS via deeply nested query parameters

Faraday is an HTTP client library abstraction layer that provides a common interface over many adapters. From 1.0.0 until 1.10.6 and 2.14.3, Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, the default nested query parameter encoder/decoder in Faraday, decodes nested query strings without enforcing a maximum nesting depth. A crafted query string causes Faraday to build a deeply nested Ruby Hash structure. The internal dehash routine then recursively walks this attacker-controlled structure without a depth limit. At sufficient depth, Ruby raises an uncaught SystemStackError (stack level too deep), crashing the calling thread or worker. This can lead to denial of service in applications that pass attacker-controlled query strings to Faraday's nested query parsing or URL-building paths. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.6 and 2.14.3.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Faraday Project Lostisland

Products

Faraday Faraday

CVE-2026-48712

protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.6.1 and 8.4.1, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated toObject() conversion and the custom google.protobuf.Any JSON conversion path. A crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested Any values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.6.1 and 8.4.1.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Protobuf Protobufjs Project

Products

Protobuf Protobufjs

CVE-2026-54269

protobufjs: Schema-derived names can shadow runtime-significant properties

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 8.6.0 and 7.6.3, protobufjs accepted certain schema-derived names that could collide with properties used by protobufjs runtime helpers. The known affected names are fields named hasOwnProperty, field or oneof names such as $type when loaded through protobufjs JSON/reflection descriptors, and service methods whose generated helper name is rpcCall. When affected message or service types were used, protobufjs could read schema-controlled data where it expected an own-property helper, reflected type metadata, or the base RPC helper. This could cause deterministic exceptions or recursive calls in affected decode post-checks, verification, object conversion, reflected JSON serialization, or protobufjs RPC helper invocation. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.6.0 and 7.6.3.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Protobuf Protobufjs Project

Products

Protobuf Protobufjs Protobufjs-cli

CVE-2026-48513

MessagePack-CSharp: DynamicUnionResolver generated deserializers miss depth enforcement

MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, runtime-generated union deserializers emitted by DynamicUnionResolver do not call MessagePackSecurity.DepthStep(ref reader) and do not decrement reader.Depth around recursive deserialization and skip paths. This means union deserialization does not consistently participate in the maximum object graph depth enforcement that protects other recursive formatter paths. For unknown union keys, the emitted deserializer calls reader.Skip() on attacker-controlled data without an enclosing depth step. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Messagepack

Products

Messagepack Messagepack-csharp

CVE-2026-48512

MessagePack-CSharp: JSON conversion APIs can recurse without consistent depth enforcement

MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePack-CSharp's JSON conversion helpers contain multiple recursion paths that do not consistently enforce a depth limit. These paths are in the JSON conversion component rather than normal typed MessagePack deserialization. MessagePackSerializer.ConvertFromJson recursively processes nested JSON arrays and objects in FromJsonCore() without consulting MessagePackSecurity.MaximumObjectGraphDepth. TinyJsonReader.ReadNextToken() recursively consumes comma and colon separator characters, allowing even malformed JSON with long separator runs to consume one stack frame per character. MessagePackSerializer.ConvertToJson applies depth checks to arrays and maps, but the typeless extension branch for ext-100 recursively calls ToJsonCore() without applying MessagePackSecurity.DepthStep(ref reader). Each path can allow attacker-controlled input to exhaust the process stack and trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException instead of failing with a catchable parse or serialization exception. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Messagepack

Products

Messagepack Messagepack-csharp

CVE-2026-48506

MessagePack-CSharp: MessagePackReader.Skip can recurse without enforcing maximum object graph depth

MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.TrySkip() recursively descends into nested arrays and maps without incrementing the reader depth or calling the configured depth checks. This bypasses MessagePackSecurity.MaximumObjectGraphDepth, the library's documented protection against deeply nested object graphs. Many generated and dynamic formatters call reader.Skip() when they encounter unknown map keys, unknown array members, ignored fields, or data that should be skipped for forward compatibility. A deeply nested value in one of these skipped positions can therefore cause unbounded recursion and an uncatchable StackOverflowException. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Messagepack

Products

Messagepack Messagepack-csharp

CVE-2026-48502

MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows

MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize includes the extension body length from the wire and is used in a stackalloc operation before the extension length is validated as one of the valid timestamp sizes. A very small payload can claim a large timestamp extension body and cause a stack allocation large enough to trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException, terminating the host process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.2 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Messagepack

Products

Messagepack Messagepack-csharp

CVE-2026-46557

ImageMagick: Stack overflow in fx operation

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to version 7.1.2-23, due to a missing depth check a stack overflow can occur in the fx operation by passing a crafted argument. This issue has been patched in version 7.1.2-23.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.2 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Imagemagick

Products

Imagemagick

CVE-2022-41881

codec-haproxy: HAProxyMessageDecoder Stack Exhaustion DoS

Netty project is an event-driven asynchronous network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.86.Final, a StackOverflowError can be raised when parsing a malformed crafted message due to an infinite recursion. This issue is patched in version 4.1.86.Final. There is no workaround, except using a custom HaProxyMessageDecoder.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS 1.6% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Debian Netty Redhat

Products

Debian Linux Netty Camel Quarkus and 11 more

CVE-2022-3216

Nintendo Game Boy Color Mobile Adapter GB Tetsuji memory corruption

A vulnerability has been found in Nintendo Game Boy Color and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Mobile Adapter GB. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-208606 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.

CVSS 3.1 · 5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Nintendo

Products

Game Boy Color Game Boy Color Firmware

CVE-2022-31019

DoS Vulnerability in URLEncodedFormDecoder in Vapor

Vapor is a server-side Swift HTTP web framework. When using automatic content decoding an attacker can craft a request body that can make the server crash with the following request: `curl -d "array[_0][0][array][_0][0][array]$(for f in $(seq 1100); do echo -n '[_0][0][array]'; done)[string][_0]=hello%20world" http://localhost:8080/foo`. The issue is unbounded, attacker controlled stack growth which will at some point lead to a stack overflow and a process crash. This issue has been fixed in version 4.61.1.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS 1.7% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Vapor

Products

Vapor

CVE-2022-23606

Crash when a cluster is deleted in Envoy

Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy, designed for cloud-native applications. When a cluster is deleted via Cluster Discovery Service (CDS) all idle connections established to endpoints in that cluster are disconnected. A recursion was introduced in the procedure of disconnecting idle connections that can lead to stack exhaustion and abnormal process termination when a cluster has a large number of idle connections. This infinite recursion causes Envoy to crash. Users are advised to upgrade.

CVSS 3.1 · 4.4 Medium EPSS 1.0% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Envoyproxy Redhat

Products

Envoy Service Mesh

CVE-2026-4870

Qiskit SDK is vulnerable to specific functions may recurse too deeply and overflow the available stack space, when encountering certain classical expressions.

IBM Qiskit SDK 0.43.0 through 2.5.0 could allow an attacker to trigger a segmentation fault leading to a denial of service due to uncontrolled recursion in the parser.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Ibm

Products

Qiskit Qiskit Sdk Qiskit Software Development Kit

CVE-2025-7005

Avast antivirus infinite recursion when scanning a malformed PE file

Uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in Avast Antivirus when scanning a malformed Windows PE file may allow Denial-of-Service of the antivirus process. This issue affects Avast Antivirus, AVG Antivirus, Norton Antivirus, Avast One, and Avast Business Antivirus on Windows, macOS, and Linux for virus definition builds before VPS 25031700. The affected scanning logic is delivered through a shared Gen Digital virus definition update stream. The same stream feeds the consumer antivirus products listed in this advisory and other Gen Digital products that embed the same engine. Mitigation flows through this update channel; installations at or above the listed build are not vulnerable regardless of which product consumes the stream.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Gen Digital

Products

Avast Antivirus Avast Business Antivirus Avast One and 2 more